基于生态足迹的传统农业地区可持续发展评价—— 以贵州省从江县为例

由于自然条件的限制和历史等原因,贵州省从江县至今还保持着比较完好的稻田养鱼传统农业生产方式,并形成了独具特色的农业文化遗产.为全面认识这一农业文化遗产的价值,并为其合理保护提供理论依据和科学基础,本文分析了从江县2007年的生态足迹及其构成,总结了传统农业地区的资源消耗特点以及传统农业在区域生态平衡、资源消耗、可持续发展等方面所起的重要作用.研究表明,从江县居民对食物和住房的需求很高,分别占总需求的45.9%和33.3%,导致从江县耕地和林地生态足迹构成生态足迹的主体部分;相比之下,从江县的化石能源地生态足迹仅占总生态足迹的3.0%,而由林地提供的主要燃料柴薪才是能源生态足迹的主体部分,这与资源消耗较高的工业化地区明显不同.资源的低消耗使得从江县可以维持在生态平衡状态,人均生态盈余为0.058 1 hm2.可见,传统农业通过影响人们的农业生产方式和生活消费模式,不仅对区域的生态平衡维持和文化传承起着重要作用,且对区域社会经济可持续发展有重要意义.

Sustainable development analysis from ecological footprints of traditional agricultural areas --A case study of Congjiang County of Guizhou Province

Due to some natural and historical reasons, Congjiang County of Guizhou Province has been maintaining a typically traditional rice-fish system that is characterized by both traditional ecological agriculture and distinctive cultural heritage. In order to appreciate the values of this kind of agricultural heritage and to provide theoretical basis for its rational protection, this paper analyzed the ecological footprint composition of the agricultural heritage site, Congjiang County, summarized the characteristics of resource consumption of the traditional agricultural area and revealed the significance of the traditional agriculture in regional ecological conservation, resource consumption and sustainable development. Results show that the footprints for food and shelter occupy a very high proportion, respectively registering 45.9% and 33.3% of the total footprint demand, which results in a high occupation of arable land and forest; the occupation of CO₂ area, however, is comparatively small, accounting for only 3.0% of the total footprint while the combustion of fuel wood provided by forest is a major part of the local energy footprint, which is dramatically different from that of industrialized regions characterized by fossil fuel combustion. Low resource consumption has enabled Congjiang County to maintain in an ecological balance with the ecological surplus of 0.058 1 hm2 per capita in 2007. Hence it can be seen that traditional agriculture plays a very important role not only on regional ecological conservation and cultural heritage but also on sustainable regional socio-economic development through changing the agricultural production mode and consumption patterns of local people.