玛纳斯河流域农田生态系统服务功能价值评估

农田生态系统可为人类提供各种产品及多种间接生态系统服务功能.本文运用环境经济学,借助GIS技术,对玛纳斯河流域农田生态系统1976年和2005年两个时段的产品提供、气候调节、土壤保持、碳固定、02释放以及营养物质保持等6项生态系统服务功能价值进行了物质量及价值量的估算和分析.结果表明.农田生态系统服务功能总价值从1976年的352 219.4×104元上升到2005年的767 061.5×104元,29年间上升117%.根据两个时段农田生态系统服务功能价值的分析,农田生态系统的产品提供功能受人类技术和管理的影响较大,具有较高的提升潜力,其价值占总生态系统服务功能价值的比例从1976年的7%上升到2005年的39%;而间接生态系统服务功能体现了农田生态系统的自然属性,为人类提供了巨大的调节、支持服务功能,从1976年至2005年,其生态系统服务功能价值上升43%.玛纳斯河流域农田生态系统服务功能研究表明,农田生态系统具有多种生态系统服务功能,应该重视对农田生态系统各项生态系统服务功能价值的评估,从而达到干旱区流域社会、经济、自然生态系统的和谐发展.

Evaluation of agricultural ecosystem services value in Manas River Watershed of China

The agriculture ecosystem not only provides products, but also a myriad of indirect ecosystem services. Based on environmental economics and GIS technology, this paper evaluated ecosystem services such as products provision, climate regulation, soil conservation, carbon fixation, O₂ release and nutrient maintenance by agriculture ecosystem of Manas River Watershed for 1976 and 2005. From the study, there is an increase in total value of ecosystem services from 352 219.4×10⁴ yuan in 1976 to 767 061.5×10⁴ yuan in 2005, representing a 117% increase over the 29-year period. The products provision value to total value ratio increases from 7% to 39%, implying that technology and management influence products provision. There also exists a great potential for improving the amount of products in the region. Regarding indirect agricultural ecosystem services value, the nature of the attributes represents enormous regulation and support services. For the period of study, indirect agricultural ecosystem services value increases by 43%. The study of agricultural ecosystem services in Manas River Watershed indicates myriad ecosystem services besides agricultural products provision. To attain harmonious development of the society, economy and nature ecosystem in arid watersheds, agricultural ecosystem services value should be accorded paramount importance.