有机物料对辣椒生长及水库淤积物的改良效应

为探讨水库淤积物农业资源化利用途径,采用网室盆栽试验,研究了外施不同有机物料对水库淤积物为生长基质的辣椒生长的影响及对水库淤积物化学性状的改良效应。结果表明,施用商品有机肥、花生麸、鸡粪和蘑菇渣均明显提高辣椒产量,且不同程度地促进辣椒植株对氮、钾养分吸收,增加辣椒果实可溶性糖和维生素C含量。其中,施用蘑菇渣处理辣椒产量最高。外施不同有机物料均显著增加水库淤积物的有机质、碱解氮和全氮含量,有机物料对水库淤积物速效磷、速效钾、全磷和全钾含量的影响因种类不同而存在一定差异。施用鸡粪和蘑菇渣可显著提高水库淤积物pH,商品有机肥和花生麸处理对水库淤积物pH无显著影响。不同有机物料中,以施用蘑菇渣的水库淤积物交换性钙、交换性镁和阳离子代换量最高。施用不同有机物料均提高了水库淤积物综合肥力系数,改善了淤积物肥力状况,其中施用蘑菇渣处理的水库淤积物综合肥力指数最高。综合考虑辣椒产量、养分吸收、果实品质及水库淤积物化学性状和肥力状况等指标,4种有机物料中以蘑菇渣对辣椒生长和水库淤积物的改良效果最佳。

Effects of organic materials on the growth of pepper and amelioration of reservoir sediment

To enhance agricultural utilization of reservoir sediments, pot experiment was conducted in a net-room to analyze the effects of organic materials on the growth of pepper and the chemical properties of reservoir sediments. From the results, application of market organic fertilizer, mushroom residue, chicken manure and peanut bran increases pepper yield, nitrogen and potassium uptake, and fruit soluble sugar and vitamin C content. The highest pepper yield is obtained in the mushroom residue treatment. A significant increase in organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen in reservoir sediment is observed under the application of all of four or-ganic materials. Differences in available phosphorus, available potassium, total phosphorus and total potassium contents of reservoir sediment are induced by the application of different organic materials. While sediment pH significantly increases with the application of mushroom residue and chicken manure, there exists no difference in pH between the control and market organic fertilizer as well as peanut bran treatments. The highest exchangeable calcium and magnesium and CEC are noted under the mushroom residue treatment. Integrated fertility index (IFI) of reservoir sediment increases with the application of different organic materials. The mushroom residue treatment has the highest IFI among the four organic materials treatments. For optimal pepper yield, quality, nutrient uptake, and reservoir sediment chemical property and fertility, mushroom residue treatment is suggested.