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4种熏蒸剂对土壤氮素转化的影响
引用本文:颜冬冬,王秋霞,郭美霞,郭章碧,曹坳程.4种熏蒸剂对土壤氮素转化的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2010,18(5):934-938.
作者姓名:颜冬冬  王秋霞  郭美霞  郭章碧  曹坳程
作者单位:1. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京,100193;农业部农药化学与应用重点开放实验室,北京,100193
2. 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京,100193;农业部农药化学与应用重点开放实验室,北京,100193;湖南农业大学生物安全科技学院,长沙,410128
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(40871131)和现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队基金
摘    要:采用室内恒温通气培养法,以北京大棚蔬菜地土壤为对象,研究熏蒸剂氯化苦(Pic)、碘甲烷(MeI)、1,3-二氯丙烯(1,3-D)和二甲基二硫(DMDS)对土壤氮素矿化和硝化的影响。结果表明,4种熏蒸剂处理后短期内均能显著增加土壤中氮累积矿化量,在处理后第0d,1,3-D、MeI、DMDS、Pic处理的氮累积矿化量分别为320.62mg·kg-1、317.25mg·kg-1、287.87mg·kg-1、278.73mg·kg-1,较对照(189.89mg·kg-1)分别增加68.85%、67.07%、51.60%、46.78%。4种熏蒸剂处理后土壤硝化作用过程受到显著抑制,在药剂熏蒸处理第0d,各熏蒸处理土壤中铵态氮含量均高于对照组,其中MeI处理组铵态氮含量最高,为194.97mg·kg-1,对照组铵态氮含量最低,为28.82mg·kg-1。Pic、1,3-D、DMDS、MeI处理后第0d硝化抑制率分别为40.8%、20.8%、26.9%、24.1%。Pic、1,3-D、MeI对硝化作用的抑制至少维持两周,DMDS的抑制作用至少维持1周。在后期培养过程中,各处理矿化作用和硝化作用都逐渐恢复至对照水平。

关 键 词:熏蒸剂  氯化苦  碘甲烷  1  3-二氯丙烯  二甲基二硫  氮素转化  硝化作用  矿化作用
修稿时间:2010/3/17 0:00:00

Effects of four fumigants on soil nitrogen transformation
YAN Dong-Dong,WANG Qiu-Xi,GUO Mei-Xi,GUO Zhang-Bi and CAO Ao-Cheng.Effects of four fumigants on soil nitrogen transformation[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2010,18(5):934-938.
Authors:YAN Dong-Dong  WANG Qiu-Xi  GUO Mei-Xi  GUO Zhang-Bi and CAO Ao-Cheng
Institution:1. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China;1. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China;1. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China;1. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China; 3. College of Bio-safety Science and Te;1. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Pesticide Chemistry and Application Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, China
Abstract:With laboratory incubation method at constant temperature under aerated conditions, the effects of 4 fumigants Chloropicrin (Pic), methyl iodide (MeI), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) and methyl disulfide (DMDS) on soil N mineralization and nitrification under vegetable greenhouse conditions in Beijing area were studied. The results reveal that mineral N concentration increases significantly in a short-term period after fumigant treatment. Cumulative N mineralization under 1,3-D, MeI, DMDS and Pic treatments are 320.62 mg·kg-1, 317.25 mg·kg-1, 287.87 mg·kg-1 and 278.73 mg·kg-1 respectively. This represents corresponding increases of 68.85%, 67.07%, 51.60% and 46.78% compared with untreated soils (189.89 mg·kg-1). Fumigation strongly inhibits nitrification. Compared with the control, ammonium nitrogen content increases after fumigation. MeI treatment has the highest ammonium nitrogen (194.97 mg·kg-1) and control treatment has the lowest (28.82 mg·kg-1). Nitrification inhibition rates by Pic, 1,3-D, DMDS, MeI treatments are 40.8%, 20.8%, 26.9% and 24.1% respectively. Nitrification is inhibited for at least 2 weeks after treatment with Pic, 1,3-D and MeI, and at least for 1 week after treatment with DMDS. Nitrification and mineralization gradually recover under long-term incubation.
Keywords:Fumigant  Chloropicrin  Methyl iodide  1  3-Dichloropropene  Methyl disulfide  Nitrogen transformation  Nitrification  Mineralization
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