钾硅钙微孔矿物肥对褐潮土水稻生长及土壤性状的影响

盆栽试验设置不施肥、常规施肥、常规施肥+钾硅钙微孔矿物肥4 g·盆^-1、常规施肥+钾硅钙微孔矿物肥8 g·盆^-1、常规施肥+钾硅钙微孔矿物肥12 g·盆^-1 5 个处理, 研究了自主研制的钾硅钙微孔矿物肥对褐潮土水稻生长、产量及土壤理化性状的影响。结果表明: 与常规施肥相比, 加施钾硅钙微孔矿物肥后土壤容重降低0.04 g·cm^-3, 土壤孔隙度增加1.8%, 土壤有效硅、有效钾含量分别提高9.4~27.0 mg·kg^-1 和10.6~39.7mg·kg^-1, 土壤pH 提高0.1 个单位。在水稻生长方面, 加施矿物肥可提高叶片叶绿素含量, 旗叶面积最高增加4.8 cm², 有效穗数增加2.3~5.0 穗·盆^-1, 千粒重提高0.1~1.9 g, 水稻平均增产幅度达13.6%。加施钾硅钙微孔矿物肥后氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别提高0.6%~7.5%、0.1%~1.5%和8.5%~13.5%。基于产量分析, 褐潮土钾硅钙微孔矿物肥的最佳施用量为4 g·盆^-1(相当于450 kg·hm^-2)。

Effect of micropore potassium-silicon-calcium (PSC) mineral fertilizer on rice growth and the characteristics of brown-humid soils

Pot experiments were carried out to study of effects of micropore potassium-silicon-calcium (PSC) mineral fertilizer (a national invention patented product) on rice growth, yield and soil physical and chemical characteristics in brown-humid soils. Five treatments were designed, i.e. zero fertilization (T1), conventional fertilization (T2), conventional fertilization plus micropore PSC mineral fertilizer at 4 g·pot^-1 (T3), conventional fertilization plus micropore PSC mineral fertilizer at 8 g·pot^-1 (T4), and conventional fertilization plus micropore PSC mineral fertilizer at 12 g·pot^-1 (T5). Compared with T2, results showed that the application of micropore PSC mineral fertilizer reduced soil bulk density by 0.04 g·cm^-3. It also increased soil porosity, pH and contents of soil available silicon and potassium by 1.8%, 0.1, 9.4~27.0 mg·kg^-1 and 10.6~39.7 mg·kg-1, respectively. Compared with T2, micropore PSC mineral fertilizer increased not only leaf chlorophyll content, but also rice flag leaf area by 4.8 cm². It also increased effective panicle numbers by 2.3~5.0 spike·pot^-1, 1000-grain weight by 0.1~1.9 g and average yield by 13.6%. Recovery rates of N, P, K increased by 0.6%~7.5%, 0.1%~1.5% and 8.5%~13.5%, respectively. Based on rice yield, the optimal recommended economic application rate of micropore PSC mineral fertilizer was 4 g·pot^-1 equivalent to 450 kg·hm^-2 in brown-humid soils.