中国南方农业生态系统可持续发展面临的问题及对策

南方农业生态系统在我国整个农业生态系统中占有重要地位和作用,具有结构的复杂性、功能的多样性、生产的高效性、价值的珍贵性和开发利用潜力的巨大性等特征。当前,南方农业生态系统存在着耕地撂荒、地力下降、土壤污染、灾害频繁、效益低下和后劲不足等方面的问题,严重制约着生态系统的可持续发展。为实现南方农业生态系统的可持续发展,应采取以下对策和措施:(1)实行集约用地;(2)开展环境整治;(3)推行轮作休耕;(4)实施用养结合;(5)优化系统结构;(6)深化农村改革。

Problems and countermeasures of sustainable development of agricultural ecosystem in Southern China

The agricultural ecosystem in South China plays an important role in the whole agricultural ecosystem in China. Southern agricultural ecosystem has some features, such as, complex structure, diverse function, high efficient production, precious value and huge development and utilization potential. At present, there is a series of problems in southern agriculture ecological system-arable land abandonment, soil fertility decline, soil pollution, frequent natural disasters, low efficiency and lack of stamina, which seriously restrict the sustainable development of southern agricultural ecological system. In order to achieve the sustainable development of agricultural ecosystem in South China, the following measures should be adopt:(1) implementation of intensive land use; (2) carrying out of environmental remediation; (3) implementation of fallow rotation; (4) combination of land use and protection; (5) optimization of agricultural ecosystem structure and (6) deepening of rural reform.