湿涝胁迫对不同种质花生生长和农艺性状的影响

研究了花生营养生长末期至开花期根部淹没处理对18个不同耐涝性品种的影响.结果表明, 湿涝使多数花生品种株高降低, 单株分枝数、总果数与饱果数减少, 而果、仁生长得以促进且饱满度提高.经过湿涝处理后, 基于性状变化的品种聚类分析结果与基于产量变化的品种耐涝性分类有较高统一性(18个品种可归类为6个性状变化类型), 又有一定差异性, 即多数湿涝敏感品种的果、仁数量或重量性状不同步变化, 而经过湿涝生态压力选择选育的绝大多数耐性品种表现为株型变小, 果、仁数量或重量性状同步增长, 且饱果数率、饱果重率提高.说明耐湿涝生态育种是有成效的.在需水较多的生育期(营养生长末期至开花期), 只要有流水通过且花生植株顶部不被淹没, 湿涝的影响是有限的, 对多数耐涝品种甚至可促进果仁发育.因此, 对花生受洪涝灾害影响的评估, 应因湿涝程度、发育时期、品种耐性而异.

Effect of waterlogging on growth and agronomic trait of different peanut varieties

The growth and agronomic traits of 18 peanut varieties under waterlogging during late vegetative to flowering stage was analyzed. Based on the results, waterlogging decreases plant height, and the number of branches, total pods and full pods. Waterlogging, however promotes pod growth and the ratio of seeds that develop into full pods. Cluster analysis based on agronomic traits is somehow integrated with yield classification after waterlogging (with the 18 varieties classified into 6 types). Some difference exists in waterlogging sensitive varieties, e.g. they do not synchronously change in number and weight of pod and seed. However, the most tolerant varieties (HT type) selectively bred under waterlogging are dwarfed with synchronously increasing number and weight of pod and seed, and promoved ratio of full pod number and ratio of full pod weight. The findings illustrate that waterlogging tolerant eco-breeding is effective. Because more water is demanded in the late vegetative to flowering stage, the impact of waterlogging is limited and even promotes pod and seed development for most waterlogging tolerant varieties so long there is water flow and peanut plants not completely submerged. Therefore, peanut flood impact assessment should focus on flood intensity, growth and development period, and variety tolerance.