硅酸钾与密旋链霉菌Act12菌剂配施对连作草莓生长、果实产量及品质的影响

为了探索硅酸钾与生防放线菌配合施用对草莓连作障碍的修复效果,以"红太后"草莓为材料,采用日光温室栽培,研究了硅酸钾与密旋链霉菌Act12菌剂配施对连作草莓生长、果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明:(1)硅酸钾与密旋链霉菌Act12菌剂配施对日光温室连作草莓具有明显的防病促生作用,可使连作3年草莓1级苗比例提高44.7%,3级苗比例下降58.3%,连作4年草莓死亡率降至0%;连作3年草莓植株总鲜重、根鲜重、叶片数及叶片鲜重分别增加73.7%、71.3%、11.1%及38.7%。(2)硅酸钾与密旋链霉菌Act12菌剂配施对草莓开花、果实产量及品质有明显影响,可使连作3年草莓开花提前10 d,花蕾数提高17.0%,果实数、单果鲜重及单株产量分别增加18.6%、90.6%及126.2%,盛果期草莓果实可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比及维生素C含量分别提高21.7%、36.2%及27.0%;可显著提高连作4年草莓单果鲜重和单株产量(P<0.05),增幅分别为194.7%和359.1%。(3)硅酸钾与密旋链霉菌Act12菌剂配施可提高草莓的诱导抗性,草莓叶片可溶性蛋白含量和盛果期PPO酶活性分别提高67.4%和101.0%。由此可知,硅酸钾与密旋链霉菌Act12菌剂配施可显著促进连作草莓生长,提高果实产量及品质,增强植株抗病性,可有效缓解日光温室草莓连作障碍,在生产上具有较好应用潜力。

Effects of combined application of potassium silicate and Streptomyces pctum bio-control agents on growth, yield and quality of strawberry under continuous cropping in greenhouse

Continuous cultivation of strawberry generally leads to stunted growth,yield loss and reduced fruit quality.These problems could be overcome by integrated management approaches such as combined biological,chemical and other control practices.In this study,the effects of single or combined application of potassium silicate(Si) and Streptomyces pctum(Act12) bio-control agents on the growth,yield and quality of strawberry("Hongtaihou" variety) under continuous cropping in greenhouse conditions were evaluated.The experiment was conducted from Sep.2008 to Apr.2009 in greenhouse with continuously cropped strawberry.The results showed that combined Si and Act12 bio-control agents significantly enhanced strawberry health and growth under continuous cropping.The ratio of "I" growth-scale strawberry plant increased by 44.7% and that of "III" growth-scale decreased by 58.3% in the third year of continuous cropping.The death rate of strawberry reduced to almost 0% under Si+Act12 treatment in the fourth year of continuous cropping.Plant fresh weight,root fresh weight,leaf number and leaf fresh weight of strawberry in the third year of continuous cropping significantly(P < 0.05) increased by 73.7%,71.3%,11.1% and 38.7%,respectively.Continuous cropping strawberry for three consecutive years under Act12+Si treatment antedated blooming for 10 days compared with the control.The bud number was also significantly(P < 0.05) enhanced by 17.0% under Si+Act12 treatment.Fruit number,single fruit weight and per-plant yield under Si+Act12 treatment increased by 18.6%,90.6% and 126.2%,respectively.Compared with the control,fruit contents of total soluble solid,sugar-to-acid ratio and vitamin C at full fruit stage increased by 21.7%,36.2% and 27.0%,respectively.Leaf soluble protein increased by 67.4% and leaf PPO activity related with disease resistance at full fruit stage significantly(P < 0.05) increased by 101.0% under Act12+Si treatment.The combined application of Si+Act12 agents significantly improved single fruit weight and per-plant fruit yield of strawberry in the fourth year of continuous cropping by 194.7% and 359.1%,respectively.These results suggested that the combined application of Si and Act12 bio-control agents not only promoted strawberry growth and yield and quality of fruit,but also enhanced plant disease resistance.It was concluded that the application of Si+Act12 agents had the potential for alleviating the adverse effects of continuous cropping of strawberry in greenhouse conditions.