水稻与美人蕉间作对水稻生长、病虫害发生及产量的影响

间作是一类提高农田生物多样性、增加农业生态经济效益的农田种植模式。本研究通过一年两季的田间试验,探讨了水稻与美人蕉间作对水稻生长性状、病虫害防控以及产量的影响。结果表明:与水稻单作相比,水稻与美人蕉间作在早稻分蘖末期、抽穗期降低了水稻株高,而在早稻抽穗期、成熟期及晚稻分蘖末期和成熟期提高了水稻叶片的叶绿素含量;间作下水稻分蘖数明显提高,在早稻分蘖末期、抽穗期和晚稻成熟期水稻分蘖数分别提高25.20%、11.20%和26.01%。在病虫害防控方面,水稻与美人蕉间作降低了纹枯病和稻纵卷叶螟的发生,其中在早稻分蘖中期、末期以及晚稻分蘖末期、抽穗期纹枯病的病情指数分别显著降低35.61%、19.55%、24.83%和16.05%;在晚稻分蘖中期和末期,稻纵卷叶螟卷叶率显著降低46.35%和60.31%;水稻与美人蕉间作显著提高了水稻单位面积产量,增幅达11.16%。研究表明,水稻与美人蕉间作是一种能促进水稻生长、降低水稻病虫害、提高水稻产量和经济效益的新型生态种植模式。

Effects of rice and Canna indica L. intercropping on rice growth, disease/pest incidence and yield

As an agricultural production pattern, intercropping not only improves biodiversity and the related ecological effects on paddy fields, but also increases agricultural production and economic benefits. This study investigated the effects of rice and Canna indica intercropping on growth, diseases and pests control, and grain yield of rice in a one-year paddy field experiment. The results showed that compared with rice monoculture, rice and C. indica intercropping decreased plant height at late tillering stage and heading stage in the early rice season. It increased leaf chlorophyll content during heading and maturity in the early rice season, and late tillering and maturity stages in the late rice season. The tiller number of rice significantly increased under intercropping by 25.20% and 11.20% at late tillering and heading stages in the early rice season and 26.01% at maturity stage in the late rice season. Besides, rice and C. indica intercropping effectively reduced the incidence of sheath blight and rice leaf folder. At medium and late tillering stages in the early rice season, rice sheath blight disease index was decreased by 35.61% and 19.55%, and also decreased significantly by 24.83% and 16.05% at late tillering and heading stages in the late rice season. At the same time, the rate of leaf-rolling by rice leaf folders were significantly decreased (by 46.35% and 60.31%) at medium and late tillering stages in the late rice season. Meanwhile, rice and C. indica intercropping improved rice yield per unit area by 11.16%. In conclusion, rice and C. indica intercropping was considered as a new eco-agriculture system which promoted rice growth, rice yield and economic benefits, and decreased the incidence of diseases and pests.