| 除草剂对不同玉米品种生长发育和产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐田军,吕天放,赵久然,王荣焕,陈传永,刘月娥,刘秀芝,邢锦丰,王元东,刘春阁.除草剂对不同玉米品种生长发育和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(8):1159-1169. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐田军 吕天放 赵久然 王荣焕 陈传永 刘月娥 刘秀芝 邢锦丰 王元东 刘春阁 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心/玉米DNA指纹及分子育种北京市重点实验室 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300106）、北京市农林科学院青年科研基金（QNJJ201728）、北京市农林科学院院级科技创新团队建设项目（JNKYT201603）和现代农业产业技术体系专项资金（CARS-02-11）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 化学除草为作物田间管理带来方便的同时,药害问题也越来越突出,特别是苗后除草剂对作物造成的药害频繁发生。为此,本文以我国玉米主栽品种‘郑单958’、‘先玉335’、‘京科968’和‘京农科728’为试验材料,采用2,4-D丁酯和烟嘧磺隆2种苗后除草剂,每种除草剂设置0倍(人工除草,CK)、1倍(最适浓度,T1)和2倍最适浓度(T2)共3个喷施浓度处理,于玉米幼苗4展叶期喷施。研究苗后除草剂对不同基因型玉米品种生育进程、形态特征、保护酶活性和产量等性状指标的影响,旨在为玉米安全生产提供参考和指导。研究结果表明:1)喷施除草剂后,参试玉米品种的生育期呈延长趋势,‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’的生育期延长程度大于‘京科968’和‘京农科728’;2,4-D丁酯对参试品种的生育期延长幅度大于烟嘧磺隆。喷施除草剂后,参试玉米品种的叶面积、根系长度、表面积和体积呈降低趋势,且随除草剂浓度增加,降低幅度加大;品种间的反应也存在较大差异,‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’降低程度大于‘京科968’和‘京农科728’。2)喷施苗后除草剂后,参试玉米品种的叶片SOD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量在品种、除草剂和剂量间均存在极显著差异;参试玉米品种的SOD和CAT活性呈降低趋势、MDA含量呈升高趋势,且随喷施浓度增加影响加剧;不同品种间,随喷施浓度增加,‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’的SOD和CAT活性降幅高于‘京科968’和‘京农科728’;不同除草剂间,2,4-D丁酯处理的影响程度大于烟嘧磺隆。3)苗后除草剂对参试品种的穗粒数、百粒重和产量影响显著,均呈降低趋势;随除草剂浓度增加降幅增大;不同品种间,‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’的降幅大于‘京科968’和‘京农科728’。由此可见,2种苗后除草剂对参试玉米品种的生长发育和产量存在显著影响,表现在延长了生育期,抑制了根系和叶片的生长,降低了保护酶活性,并且加重了叶片的膜质过氧化程度,从而导致玉米减产显著,且随除草剂浓度增加,影响进一步加大。不同品种间,‘京科968’和‘京农科728’对苗后除草剂的耐受性好于‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’。
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| 关 键 词： | 除草剂 玉米品种 生长发育 根系 抗氧化酶 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/1/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/5/5 0:00:00 |
Effects of herbicides on growth, development and yield of different maize varieties |
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| XU Tianjun,LYU Tianfang,ZHAO Jiuran,WANG Ronghuan,CHEN Chuanyong,LIU Yue''e,LIU Xiuzhi,XING Jinfeng,WANG Yuandong and LIU Chunge.Effects of herbicides on growth, development and yield of different maize varieties[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2018,26(8):1159-1169. |
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| Authors: | XU Tianjun LYU Tianfang ZHAO Jiuran WANG Ronghuan CHEN Chuanyong LIU Yue'e LIU Xiuzhi XING Jinfeng WANG Yuandong and LIU Chunge |
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| Institution: | Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China,Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China,Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China,Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China,Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China,Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China,Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China,Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China,Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China and Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing 100097, China |
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| Abstract: | |
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| Keywords: | Herbicide Maize variety Growth and development Root Antioxidant enzyme Grain yield |
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