主体功能区生态补偿模型初探

本文将我国四大主体功能区分为开发型区域与保护型区域两大类,在分析生态补偿的生态环境价值论、外部性理论和公共产品理论三大经典基础理论的基础上,依据"谁保护谁受益,谁受益谁补偿"的原则,考虑开发型区域的支付意愿与支付能力,保护型区域贡献的生态效益及其生态系统服务功能对开发型区域的效用影响范围,提出结合生态足迹法与基于生态系统服务功能的引力模型构建主体功能区生态补偿模型。通过"补偿标准估算—补偿基金设立—分配方案确定—补偿实施"4个步骤,由开发型区域通过政府间财政转移向保护型区域支付生态补偿金,形成主体功能区生态补偿机制。最后从资金筹集多源化、形式多样化、参与对象多元化等方面提出生态补偿实施的政策建议。通过主体功能区生态补偿模型的实施可激励生态保护行为,减少破坏行为,为区域均衡与差异化发展提供科学依据。

Study on ecological compensation model for Major Function Oriented Zones

Reasonable scientific ecological compensation mechanisms that balance different interests are critical to a successful implementation of Major Function Oriented Zone (MFOZ) plan. Current studies on ecological compensation standard of MFOZ are relatively deficient. This study divided the four MFOZs in China into two groups and analyzed three classical ecological compensation theories. The two MFOZ groups were development and protection zones and three classical theories were ecological environment value theory, externality theory and public goods theory. On the basis of "protector to profit, beneficiary to compensate", an ecological compensation model was constructed. The model also took into account the willingness of the development zones to pay, and the ecological benefits and ecosystem services of the protection zones to contribute along with its influence scope. Ecological footprint and ecosystem service-driven gravity model were used to establish the compensation model for MFOZ. The four steps that accounted for the eco-compensation mechanism included compensation standard, compensation fund, distribution plan and implementation mode. Development zones paid ecological compensations to protection zones via financial payments by governments to realize the model objectives. The study also suggested funding from multiple sources, implementation of diverse and diverse participants. It was of urgent theoretical and practical importance to establish ecological compensation model that facilitated the realization of the objectives of MFOZ plan. It was also recommended that implementation of a sound ecological compensation model would encourage ecological protection, limit vandalism and provide scientific basis for balanced differential region development.