大兴安岭南麓山地丘陵区生态-生产范式研究——以内蒙古林西县为例

从地理或景观单元上看,我国北方农牧交错区突出的特点是在草原或森林的景观背景上,星散分布着粗放耕作的农田与村落的景观单元.因此,北方农牧交错带优化生态-生产范式的研究可以理解为土地利用方式和空间分布格局的优化研究.本文根据3个不同区域农户生产优化模式的土地需求,结合生态经济功能转移与区域土地利用空间格局优化原则与控制条件,基于林西县森林草原过渡区的植被类型及"河谷平川-低山丘陵-中山山地"的地貌特征,得出区域尺度土地利用优化分配范式.确定河谷平川区可作为林西县今后发展高效集约化农业生产的核心区;低山丘陵生态生产交错区,一部分土地作为生产用地,另一部分作为生态用地,整体发展定位于牧粮综合发展区;中山区主要土地利用方式为生态用地,部分生产活动要转移到河谷平川区和低山丘陵区等地势平坦并有灌溉条件保证的区域,从而使山地森林与草地得以修养生息,恢复其涵养水源、保持水土的生态系统服务功能,整体发展定位于生态保育、林果旅游区.

Optimized eco-productive paradigm of hilly landscapes in the southern piedmont region of Daxing'anling Mountain——A case study of Linxi County, Inner Mongolia

On the basis of landscape ecology theory, the outstanding characteristics of the North Farming-pastoral Zone are the landscape of extensively cultivated farmland and villages scattered across grassland (and sometimes forestland) landscapes in China. Optimized eco-productive paradigm of the North Farming-pastoral Zone attempts to build optimized land-use and spatial distribution patterns. As a case study, hilly ecosystems in Linxi County in Inner Mongolia are divided into three agricultural and eco-economic regions with different integral functions based the characteristics of the eco-environment and social economy synthetically. Based on demand for land and optimized farmer production development modes in three regions, optimized eco-management land use pattern paradigm is proposed for Linxi hilly-mountains ecosystem. This is based on optimization principles and spatial land use allocation restrictions. River valley plain agricultural and eco-economic regions should be developed for intensive-efficient agricultural production zones. Low hilly-mountain agricultural and eco-economic regions like ecotones with production and other ecological sites should be positioned in the husbandry-food development mode. Mid-mountains ecosystem should be put in fruit-ecotourism and habitat-conservation areas and farmers emigrated to river valley plains and low hilly-mountain regions.