黄土高原旱塬区果-草-鸡生态循环模式及耦合效应分析

黄土高原旱塬区生态脆弱,水资源匮乏,传统的粮经二元种植模式已严重影响和制约着黄土高原旱塬区农业的可持续发展。因此,应用系统耦合和生态循环理论,将生态涵养与优质高效生产有机结合,建立适宜于黄土高原旱塬区资源特征的粮、经、饲三元种植的农业发展模式,成为实现该区域生态与经济协调可持续发展的关键环节。本文以位于黄土高原中部的甘肃省庆阳市为研究区域,从该区域的土地资源特征和水热条件出发,设计了以功能耦合和产业耦合为核心的果-草-鸡耦合的生态循环模式,对生态循环结构进行了配置,提出了相应的技术规范,分析了其耦合效应。试验结果表明:该模式将果、草、鸡3个子系统结合在一起进行耦合生产,改善了果园系统的物种结构,提高了农业资源利用率,使果园系统能量相互转化和循环利用。与传统的清耕果园模式相比,单位面积的产出利润提高3.82倍,水分利用率提高54.1%,水土流失量减少58.82%,化肥和农药施用量分别下降25.24%和5.56%,土地资源利用率提高36.84%,具有显著的生态、经济和社会效益,在黄土高原地区具有广泛的应用和推广价值。

Ecological circle way and coupling effect of fruit-grass-chicken mode in dry highlands of the Loess Plateau

Because of ecological fragility and lack of water resources, traditional planting mode of grain and industrial crops has severely affected and restricted the sustainable development of agriculture in dry highlands of the Loess Plateau. Thus based on resource characteristics and ecological conditions of dry highlands of the Loess Plateau, a mode for sustainable agricultural development was established based on ternary planting of grain crops, industrial crops and grasses. The mode involved the application of the theory of system coupling and ecological cycle along with the combination of ecological conservation and efficient production. It provided the critical link for the realization of sustainable development of regional ecological and economic co-ordination in dry highlands of the Loess Plateau. Using Qingyang City in the Central Loess Plateau as the study area, an ecological cycle mode of fruit-grass-chicken was designed based on the characteristics of agricultural resources and economic development. Then the cyclic structure of the mode was configured using coupled functionality of industries in Qingyang City. Technical specifications were put forward and the effect of coupling analyzed for Qingyang City. The results showed that the mode output coupling production by the combination of the three subsystems of fruits, grass and chicken. The mode improved species structure of orchard ecosystems, increased utilization rate of agricultural resources, enhanced energy conversion and recycling of the orchard ecosystems. Compared with single orchard cultivation, per-unit-area profit increased by 3.82 times, water use efficiency increased by 54.1%, water/soil erosion decreased by 58.82%, application rate of chemical fertilizers/pesticides decreased by 25.24%/5.56% and utilization rate of land resources increased by 36.84%. Therefore, the established mode had significant ecological and socio-economic benefits, with a wide range of applications and promotional values in the Loess Plateau.