传统地区稻田生态补偿标准的确定-- 以云南哈尼梯田为例

生态补偿标准的确定是生态补偿机制构建的关键问题之一。本文基于农户的受偿意愿以及政府对补偿资金的投入产出分析构建了稻田生态补偿标准的测算框架。其次,以云南哈尼梯田稻鱼共作的稻田系统为例,计算了哈尼梯田地区农户放弃一定程度化肥、农药施用的受偿意愿,并评估了不同化肥、农药限制施用条件下稻田所能供给的生态系统价值,最后基于政策有效性目标构建了哈尼梯田地区稻田生态补偿的动态标准。结果表明:在化肥、农药施用的不同限制条件下,农户的受偿意愿与限制标准呈显著正相关关系,接受政府直接补贴形式的补偿意愿为每年3 727～8 732元.hm 2,接受市场调控下稻米价格上涨的幅度为1.25～2.45元.kg 1。因此,以稻田养鱼减半化肥用量并不施用农药为例,初始时稻米价格未能提高,政府需要补偿农户7 462元.hm 2,但生态环境收益仅为7 447元.hm 2;当稻米价格提高1元.kg 1时,政府只需要补偿农户7 112元.hm 2,此时政府的投入盈余335元.hm 2。

Standards of payments for paddy ecosystem services:using Hani Terrace as case study

Agricultural land provides not only food and fiber(an important element of food security),but also serves as non-market commodity with characteristic externalities and public services.Payments for paddy ecosystem services promote farmers’ engage-ment in ecological or organic agricultural practices and agro-ecological/environmental supply.Standard of payments for ecosystem services is one key issue for establishing eco-compensation mechanisms in paddy fields.This paper established the items and calcu-lation processes of standards of payments for ecosystem services of traditional paddy based on the farmers’ willingness and in-put-output analysis of compensation investments.Then using rice-fish symbiotic system in Hani Terrace as case study,farmer com-pensation willingness was calculated under designed dwindling application of chemical fertilizers,pesticides and other agro-chemicals.Standard of payments for paddy ecosystem services was attained based on policy effectiveness through evaluating paddy ecosystem services supply in designed conditions.Results showed that most farmers recognized the negative impacts of fertil-izers and pesticides on agro-ecological environments.A significant relationship was noted between farmer compensation willingness and application restrictions of chemical fertilizers and pesticides under different designed conditions.Under different limits,farmer cash compensation willingness was in the range of 3 727~8 732 Yuan·hm-2 and willingness to accept environment-friendly rice price rise was in the range of 1.25~2.45 Yuan·kg-1.Through field investigations and follow-up calculations,ecosystem services value of rice-fish systems in paddy fields was 7 447 Yuan·hm-2,provided farmers reduced use of fertilizers to half dose and no pesticides.Thus government could pay farmers to encourage low use of fertilizers and pesticides for high ecological services.Government could initially pay 7 462 Yuan·hm-2 for paddy ecosystem services output of 7 447 Yuan·hm-2.However,for 1 Yuan·kg-1 rice price increase under limited chemical fertilizer and pesticide use,government would paid 7 112 Yuan·hm-2.The compensation investment profit at this rate was 335 Yuan·hm-2.