茬口和施氮水平对小麦品质性状及其变异系数的影响

通过在山西省临汾市尧都区建立夏季小麦收获后复播大豆、油葵、玉米和夏季休闲4个茬口,进行不同茬口、施N水平对下季种植的小麦品质性状及其变异系数的研究.结果表明:小麦千粒重、容重、蛋白质含量、沉降值及湿面筋品质性状等各茬口问存在差异,大豆茬口可较好地协调各品质性状.千粒重和容重在休闲茬口中均以高N水平(E、F)较高,而在其他茬口中则以低N水平较高;蛋白质含量、沉降值和湿面筋3个性状在4个茬口中的平均值则以高N水平(E)较高;茬口和施氮水平对各品质性状的变异系数影响分别为沉降值>湿面筋>蛋白质含量、沉降值>蛋白质含量>湿面筋.该项研究为专用小麦标准化生产提供了理论依据.

Effect of crop rotation and nitrogen fertilization on wheat quality and variation coefficient

The quality of wheat and its coefficient of variation under different crop rotation and nitrogen fertilizer level were investigated using four crop-rotation systems (wheat, followed by soybean, sunflower, maize or fallow respectively) . The results show significant differences in measured value of wheat quality traits including 1000-kernel weight, test weight, protein content, sedimentation and wet gluten; and each quality trait preferably coordinates in the rotation with soybean. 1000-kernel weight and test weight have higher means in fallow rotation with high nitrogen level, while protein content, sedimentation and wet gluten have higher means at high nitrogen level for the four rotation systems. The effect of the rotation and nitrogen fertilizer rate on the variation coefficient of the quality traits is in the following order: sedimentation>wet gluten>protein content; sedimentation > protein content > wet gluten. Thus this research provides the theoretic base for the standardized cultivation of specific quality wheat.