三峡库区生态环境效应研究进展

随着三峡工程的全面竣工,三峡库区已进入正常蓄水运行阶段,三峡工程对三峡库区生态环境带来了广泛而深远的影响。本文通过文献计量学方法统计了近20年来三峡库区生态环境效应研究的国内外文献,分析了目前三峡库区生态环境效应研究文献的主要分布特征,得出库区生态环境效应主要研究领域及主要研究内容。在此基础上,对三峡库区生态环境效应具体研究内容及进展进行详细阐述。首先,文章对三峡工程蓄水前后产生的最直接的生态环境变化,即库区土地利用变化的研究进展进行分析;接下来,对库区土地利用变化所引起的生态环境效应,包括气候、土壤、水环境、生物多样性等生态环境因子的研究进展展开评述;然后对上述生态环境因子变化最终所带来的生态环境质量和生态系统服务变化进行探讨;最后提出当前库区生态环境效应研究中存在的一些问题与不足,同时给出相关方面的研究展望:建议在今后的研究中更加注重生态环境效应的动态研究,建立长期观测数据库,结合宏观与微观研究,综合评价库区生态环境。

Research progress on the effects of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the ecological environment

With the completion of the Three Gorges Project, water impoundment operations have been smoothly for some years now. The Three Gorges Project has also had a broad and far-reaching impact on the ecological environment, with tremendous social and economic benefits. This paper analyzed the progress of research on the effects of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) on the ambient ecological environment using domestic and foreign research publications in recent 20 years. Firstly, the progress of research on the characteristics of land use change in the TGR area was analyzed. Then changes in environmental factors (e.g., reservoir-related climate change, change in soil and water environment and change in biodiversity) were determined. The study also summarized the effects of environmental quality and ecosystem services in the TGR area. Finally, the study put forward the existing problems and shortcomings of current research works and proposed the prospects of future research. It was recommended to pay more attention to the dynamics of the effects of reservoir project on the ecological environment in the TGR area. There was also need to establish a long-term observation database, integrate macroscopic with microscopic research and carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the ecological environment in the TGR area.