夏休闲期复种饲料油菜提升后作冬小麦产量品质、土壤肥力及周年经济效益研究

为明确晋中麦区夏休闲期复种饲料油菜的可行性,试验于2015-2016年采用大田试验法,研究了夏休闲期复种饲料油菜对后作冬小麦生长、麦田土壤养分及周年经济效益的影响。前茬小麦收获后复种油菜,供试油菜和小麦品种分别为华油杂62和CA0547,设置3个处理:以不种油菜的休闲田作为对照(CK₀),油菜地上部被收获为CK₁,油菜被全量还田为T。结果表明,与CK₀和CK₁相比,T有利于增加后作冬小麦抽穗前单株绿叶数,提高生育中后期植株干物质及N、P积累,保持灌浆期旗叶面积,进而增加穗粒数,提高籽粒产量,提高籽粒蛋白质及醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量;同时T有利于提高后作冬小麦020 cm土层土壤有机质含量、040 cm土层土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性。此外,从油菜-小麦周年经济效益来看,CK₁较CK₀和T分别高出128.9%和260.0%。综合分析可知,夏休闲期复种饲料油菜并且全量还田可以提高小麦产量,提升籽粒品质,改良土壤有机质含量和土壤酶活性;夏休期复种饲料油菜并收获可以获得更高的周年经济效益。本研究结果为合理利用夏休闲期以提升小麦产量与品质、改良土壤、提高年经济效益提供了理论依据。

Study on Yield,Quality, Soil Fertility and Annual Economic Benefits of Succeeding Winter-wheat After Feed-rape During Summer Fallow Period

In order to explore replanting feed-rape feasibility in winter wheat field in central of Shanxi province during summer fallow period, the experiment was conducted 2015-2016 to study effects of replanting feed-rape on the growth, soil nutrients and annual economic benefits in winter wheat field. After harvesting preceding-crop wheat, the feed-rape was replanted in wheat filed. Three treatments were set up involving in the fallow land (no-replant feed-rape, CK₀), feed-rape half-harvested returned to field (CK₁) and total-harvested returned to field (T). The varieties of feed-rape and winter-wheat were Huayouza 62 and CA0547, respectively. The results showed that compared to the CK₀ and CK₁, treatment T was beneficial to increase the number of green leaves per plant before heading stage, to improve the dry-matter and N, P nutrient accumulations of plant in middle and later growth stages, and to prolong the flag leaf area in filling stage, as well as enhance the grains per ear, grain yield and contents of prolamin, glutelin and total protein of grain. Treatment T was beneficial to improve the soil organic content in 0-20 cm soil layers and the activity of urease and sucrose in 0-40 cm soil layer. For the perspective of economic benefit of rape-wheat, the CK₁treatments 128.9% and 260.0% higher than the CK₀ and T treatments, respectively. The comprehensive analysis showed that re-planted feed-rape in summer fallow period and total-harvested returned to field can increase the grain yield and quality and improve the soil fertilization. The harvesting of the feed-rape in the summer fallow period can achieve higher annual economic benefits. This research results provide a theoretical basis for appropriate management of the summer fallow period in winter-wheat field to increase the wheat yield and grains quality and improve soil fertilization and annual economic benefits.