鸡粪的施用对薄皮甜瓜果实糖积累及糖代谢相关酶活性的影响

为了探讨鸡粪以及鸡粪与尿素配施对薄皮甜瓜果实糖积累及糖代谢相关酶活性的影响,本试验以薄皮甜瓜DX108为试验材料,以尿素为氮源的处理为对照(CK),研究了相同施氮量条件下,鸡粪与尿素配施(A)以及鸡粪(B)对甜瓜果实葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量的影响,分析了蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、蔗糖合成酶(SS,蔗糖合成与分解方向)、酸性转化酶(AI)和中性转化酶(NI)的活性。结果表明,与CK相比,B、A明显促进了果实中果糖、蔗糖及葡萄糖积累,尤其是显著增加了成熟果实中这3种糖的含量。相关性分析表明,CK的甜瓜果实蔗糖积累与AI活性呈显著负相关,葡萄糖与SPS和SS(蔗糖合成酶)合成方向酶活性呈显著正相关;A和B果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖积累(除B中葡萄糖积累)与SPS、NI活性呈显著或极显著正相关,与SS分解方向酶活性呈极显著负相关,而A果实中葡萄糖积累与SPS和NI活性呈极显著正相关。综上所述,A和B提高了果实中SPS、NI活性,降低了SS分解方向酶活性,进而促进了糖的积累。本研究结果为有机肥替代化学氮肥在甜瓜生产上的应用提供了理论依据。

Effects of Application of Chicken Manure on Sugar Accumulation and Activity of Enzymes Related to Carbohydrote Metabolism in Oriental Melon Fruit

To study the effects of chicken manure and chicken manure co-applied with urea on carbohydrate accumulation and activity of enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism in oriental melon, this experiment used urea treatment as control and the oriental melon cultivar DX108 as experimental materials. Under same amount of nitrogen, the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS, sucrose synthesis and decomposition direction), acid invertase and neutral invertase was analyzed.The results showed that compared with urea treatment chicken manure, chicken manure and urea treatment significantly increased the accumulation of fructose, sucrose and glucose in melon fruits during fruit development, especially improving promoted the sugar accumulation in mature fruits. The results of correlation analysis indicated that the sucrose accumulation in melon fruits treated with urea alone was negatively related to acid invertase(AI) activity, and the glucose accumulation was positively related to the enzyme activity of SPS and SS in the direction of synthesis. However, the accumulations of sucrose, glucose and fructose in fruits treated with chicken manure plus urea or chicken manure were mainly positively correlated with SPS and NI activity, and were significantly negatively correlated with the enzyme activity in the direction of SS decomposition, while the glucose accumulation in fruits treated with chicken manure plus urea was significantly correlated with SPS and NI activity. To sum up, all the studies in the experiment suggested that chicken manure or chicken manure plus urea treatment improved the enzyme activity of SPS and NI, and reduced the enzyme activity of SS in decomposition direction, promoting the accumulation of carbohydrate. This study provided a theoretical basis for the application of organic fertilizer instead of chemical nitrogen fertilizer in melon production.