追氮量对黑小麦品种(系)籽粒产量和品质的影响

为探究追氮量对不同黑小麦品种(系)籽粒产量和品质的影响,本研究采用大田裂区试验设计,主区为11个黑小麦品种(系),副区为追施氮量0(N0,对照)、34.5(N1)、51.8(N2)、69.0(N3)kg·hm²,于小麦灌浆期测定旗叶叶绿素含量(SPAD值),成熟期测定籽粒产量及产量构成要素、籽粒氮素含量和品质指标。结果表明,旗叶SPAD值在追氮处理下均增加,除B145-2、L10056、L10058的旗叶SPAD值在N1最高,其余8个品种(系)的旗叶SPAD值均随追氮量增加而升高。追施氮肥均有利于增加黑小麦产量,与N0相比,N1、N2和N3的产量增幅分别为15.2%~99.7%、17.5%~80.9%和0.7%~69.9%。11个品种(系)获得最高产量的适宜追氮量因品种而异,其中L10056、B120-2、运黑14207籽粒产量随追氮量增加而增加,B145-2、L10058籽粒产量在N2最高,其余6个品种(系)籽粒产量在N1最高。追氮量、品种及二者交互均对产量及构成因素存在极显著影响。追施氮肥能够提高多数黑小麦品种籽粒氮素含量,其中B145-2、L10058和运黑14207在N2最高,18鉴46、临黑131、冬黑1号、临黑187、2002-4、运黑161在N1最高。追氮量与籽粒产量、氮含量、蛋白含量呈正相关(相关性不显著),而产量与籽粒蛋白含量及多数品质指标存在极显著负相关关系。综合考虑黑小麦产量及品质的提高,追氮量在34.5~51.8 kg·hm²之间较为适宜。本研究结果可为黑小麦合理施用氮肥提供参考。

Effect of Nitrogen Topdressing Rate on Yield and Quality of Black-Grained Wheat Varieties(Strains)

In order to estimate the effect of nitrogen topdressing rate on grain yield and quality of different black-grained wheat varieties(strains),a field experiment was conducted using a split plot design.Eleven black-grained wheat varieties(strains)were used in the main plot,and the sub-plot were nitrogen topdressing rates with four levels of 0(N0,control),34.5(N1),51.8(N2),69.0(N3)kg·hm².The SPAD value of flag leaf was measured in filling stage;grain yield,yield components,grain nitrogen content and grain quality were determined in maturity stage.Results showed that nitrogen topdressing was beneficial to increase the SPAD value of flag leaf,the highest SPAD value of B145-2,L10056 and L10058 were obtained under N1 treatment,while the SPAD values of the other 8 other varieties(strains)were increased with the increase of nitrogen topdressing rate.Nitrogen topdressing was also beneficial to increase yield of black-grained wheat,and the yield increased by 15.2%to 99.7%,17.5%to 80.9%and 0.7%to 69.9%,under N1,N2 and N3 treatments,respectively.The optimum rate of nitrogen topdressing to obtain the highest yield were various among varieties.The grain yield of L10056,B120-2 and Yunhei 14207 increased with the increasing of nitrogen dressing rate;the highest grain yield of B145-2 and L10058 were obtained under N2 treatment,and 6 other varieties(strains)had the highest grain yield under N1 treatment.Correlation analysis showed that the increase of yield was mainly attributed to the increase of kernel per spike.Nitrogen topdressing rate,variety and their interaction had extremely significant effects on the yield and its components.Nitrogen topdressing could increase grain nitrogen content of most black-grained wheat varieties,of which B145-2,L10058 and Yunhei 14207 had the highest nitrogen content under N2 treatment,and 18 jian 46,Linhei 131,Donhei 1,Linhei 187,2002-4 and Yunhei 161 had the highest nitrogen content under N1 treatment.Correlation analysis showed that nitrogen topdressing rate was positively correlated to the grain yield,nitrogen content and protein content(the correlation was not significant).A significant negative correlation was found between yield and protein content,and other quality indexes.Considering the yield and quality characteristics,nitrogen topdressing rate between 34.5 kg·hm²and 51.8 kg·hm²was more suitable to black-grained wheat.The results of this study can provide reference forrational application of nitrogen fertilizer in black-grained wheat.