秋水仙素与DMSO诱导豌豆同源四倍体

为获得同源四倍体豌豆，用0.05%秋水仙素（C22H25O6）和2%二甲基亚砜（DMSO）混合水溶液处理豌豆种子，分为24、48、72h三个不同处理时间与5℃～6℃、10℃～12℃、15℃～16℃、18℃～20℃、30℃ 5个不同培养温度。试验结果表明，培养温度为15 ℃～16℃时，用0.05%秋水仙素和2%DMSO混合水溶液间歇处理宝峰2号豌豆种子48h，植株成活率和诱导率均最高，分别为54.5%和9.5%。对处理后代进行形态学和细胞学观察比较，发现可育的多倍体染色体数目2n=4x=28，为同源四倍体。该同源四倍体与其二倍体在植株形态上的显著差异表现在：植株高大，茎和卷须变粗，单株总叶面积变大，叶色更绿，开花期延迟，花粉粒和花粉母细胞变大，荚大，自交结实，粒大。试验显示获得的同源四倍体对育性有效。

Inducing Autotetraploid Pea with Colchicine and DMSO

In order to acquire autotetraploid pea, diploid pea seeds(Baofeng No.2) were treaded with the mixture of 0.05% colchicine (C22H25O6) and 2% DMSO under different time (24, 48 and 72h); and different temperature (5 ℃～6℃, 10℃～12℃, 15℃～16℃, 18℃～20℃ and 30℃). 48 hours exposure under temperature of 15℃～16℃ showed the highest survival rate and inducing 54.5% and 9.5%, respectively. Morphological and cytological observation showed that the fertile polyploids were autotetraploids (2n=4x=28). Compared with its parent, autotetraploid has higher plant hight, wider stem and tendril, larger gross leaf area, dark green leaf, longer growth period, bigger pollen grain and pollen mother cell, and also pods and seeds. Continue selection is effective to fertility of autotetraplod.