镉在甲壳类水生生物中的蓄积现状及赋存形态研究进展

镉（Cd）在联合国环境规划署提出的12种具有全球性意义的危害化学物质中居于首位，此类物质的污染危害主要表现在水环境中。与有机污染物不同的是，水环境中的镉不能通过水生生物降解，但会在其体内蓄积并通过食物链逐渐富集，进而对水产品质量和安全造成隐患，以及引起水环境污染和人类健康等问题，因此镉对水环境及水生生物的污染和危害引起全球范围内的广泛关注。本文整理归纳了目前镉在甲壳类水生生物中的蓄积现状及富集规律研究进展，并围绕梭子蟹和虾蛄这2种典型镉蓄积的甲壳类水生生物，论述其不同部位组织间镉蓄积的差异性问题，同时对目前关于镉形态的提取方法、定性分析和毒理学效应等相关研究进展进行了综述、分析和展望，可为甲壳类水产品中镉的形态甄别、定量分析以及不同形态镉的毒理学研究提供参考依据。

Research Progress of Cadmium Accumulation and Speciation in Crustacean Aquatic Organisms

Cadmium（Cd） mainly pollutes the water environment， which is ranked as the top among the 12 hazardous chemicals of global significance proposed by the United Nations Environment Programme. Unlike organic pollutants， cadmium in water environment cannot be degraded by aquatic organisms， and will accumulate in aquatic organisms and gradually enrich through the food chain， which will then cause many problems such as aquatic products quality and safety hazards， water environment pollution and human health. Therefore， the pollution and harm of cadmium to water environment and aquatic organisms has caused wide attention throughout the world. In this paper， the research progress on accumulation status and enrichment rule of cadmium in crustacean aquatic organisms was cleared up and induced， and the difference of cadmium accumulation in different tissues of crustacean aquatic organisms was also discussed around two typical cadmium-accumulating crustacean aquatic organisms Portunus trituberculatus and Squilla oratoria. In addition， the related research and development of the extraction methods， qualitative analysis and toxicological effects of cadmium form were reviewed， analyzed and prospected， which would provide reference for the speciation and quantitative analysis of cadmium in crustaceans and toxicological study of different forms of cadmium.