采收时间对玫瑰茄萼片产量及营养成分的影响

为明确玫瑰茄最佳采收时间,以玫瑰茄种质M3和M5为试验材料,对不同采收时间玫瑰茄的萼片产量和原花青素、单宁等营养成分含量进行分析。结果表明,随着采收时间推迟,2份种质的萼片产量和营养成分含量均呈先增加后减少的趋势。M3的鲜果重、鲜萼片重均在开花后21 d达到最大值,分别为12.82 g和7.75 g,干萼片重在开花后28 d达到最大值,为0.98 g;M5的鲜果重在开花后21 d达到最大值,为6.97 g,鲜萼片重、干萼片重均在开花后28 d达到最大值,分别为3.90 g和0.47 g,以采收花萼为目的时,适宜采收期为开花后21~28 d。M3萼片的原花青素含量在开花后35 d时最高,达2 180.00 mg·kg^-1,M5在开花后21 d时最高,达573.50 mg·kg^-1,以提取原花青素为目的采收时,M3和M5的适宜采收期分别为开花后35 d和开花后21 d。M3的单宁含量在开花后28~35 d时最高,达2.30 g·kg^-1, M5在开花后42 d时最高,达1.38 g·kg^-1,以提取单宁为目的采收时,M3和M5的适宜采收期分别为开花后28~35 d和开花后42 d。综上,玫瑰茄的适宜采收时间为开花后一个月左右(28~35 d)。本研究可为玫瑰茄合理采收提供参考依据。

Effects of Harvesting Time on Sepal Yield and Nutritional Components in Roselle

In order to determine the best harvest time of roselle, two varieties M3 and M5 were used as test materials. The sepal yield, procyanidins and tannins content of roselle were studied at different harvest time after flowering. The results showed that with the delay of harvesting time sepal weight, procyanidins and tannin content in M3 and M5 increased at the beginning and then decreased. The fresh fruit weight and fresh sepal weight of M3 reached the maximum of 12.82 g and 7.75 g, respectively, on 21 days after flowering, the maximum dry sepal weight was 0.98 g on 28 days after flowering. The maximum fresh fruit weight of M5 was 6.97 g on 21 d after flowering, and the maximum fresh sepal weight and dry sepal weight were 3.90 g and 0.47 g respectively on 28 days after flowering. For the purpose of harvesting calyx, the two germplasm suitable harvesting time is 21~28 d after flowering.The highest proanthocyanidins content of M3 was 2 180.00 mg·kg^-1 at 35 days after flowering, the highest proanthocyanidins content of M5 was 573.50 mg·kg^-1 at 21 days after flowering. The optimal harvesting time of M3 and M5 for proanthocyanidins are 35 days and 21 days after flowering, respectively. While the highest tannins content of M3 was 2.30 g·kg^-1at 28~35 days after flowering. The highest tannins content of M5 was 1.38 g·kg^-1 at 42 days after flowering. The optimal harvesting time of M3 and M5 for tannins were 28~35 days and 42 days after flowering, respectively. In conclusion, the optimum harvesting time of roselle should be one month (28~35 days)after flowering. This study provides a reference for reasonable harvest of roselle.