水稻耐盐生理及分子调节机制

土壤钠盐积累导致的土壤盐渍化程度越来越严重,已成为制约水稻产量和品质的重要因素之一。钠离子是引起水稻盐胁迫伤害的主要离子,研究钠离子在水稻植株体内的吸收运输机制,及水稻应对盐胁迫的生理分子调节机制,有助于抗盐品种的选育以及盐碱地的综合治理与利用。本文综述了水稻对盐信号的感应及盐分在水稻体内的吸收转运特征;分析了盐分进入水稻机体后对植株形态及生长发育的影响;探讨了水稻为缓解盐分伤害,诱发的渗透调节、养分、抗氧化系统、激素等生理调节机制,以及通过抗逆蛋白差异性表达和耐盐相关基因应激表达,来控制水稻体内离子平衡,保护膜系统及光合系统的分子调节机制。同时,本文对提高水稻耐盐性提出了外源调控措施,并对该领域的研究进行了展望。

Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Salt Stress Tolerance in Rice

Soil salinization caused by soil sodium accumulation is becoming more and more serious,which is one of the important factors restricting rice yield and quality. Sodium ion is the main ion causing salt stress injury in rice. Study on the mechanisms of sodium ion uptake and transport in rice plants and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of rice in response to salt stress is very helpful to the selection and breeding of salt-resistant varieties and to the comprehensive management and utilization of saline-alkali land. This paper summarized the induction of salt signals and the characteristics of salt absorption and transport in rice, analyzed the effects of salt on rice morphology growth and development, and discussed the physiological mechanism of osmotic regulation, nutrient regulation, antioxidant system regulation and hormone regulation induced by rice in order to alleviate salt damage. The molecular regulation mechanisms of ion balance, membrane protection system and photosynthetic system in rice through differential expression of stress-resistant proteins and stress expression of salt-tolerant related genes are also discussed in present study. Besides, this paper proposed the exogenous application methods to improve salt tolerance of rice as well as the esearch prospects of this field.