氨基酸配合硼喷施对油麦菜硼营养及生长、品质的影响

为探究有机营养类物质氨基酸与硼酸配合喷施对油麦菜生长的应用效果,本研究采用盆栽试验,设置单独喷施1%硼酸处理,以及谷氨酸、丙氨酸和天冬氨酸3种氨基酸各设3个喷施浓度(5、10、20 mmol·L^-1) 与1%硼酸配合喷施处理,并以喷施清水为对照(CK),共11个处理,收获后测定植株的生长指标和硼含量。结果表明,单独喷施硼酸对油麦菜生物量无明显影响,低浓度氨基酸与硼配合喷施均能显著提高油麦菜生物量,其中丙氨酸-硼喷施处理油麦菜生物量较CK平均增加了9.4%。与CK相比,3种氨基酸与硼配合喷施均能明显提高油麦菜叶片总蛋白含量,同时降低硝酸盐积累,从而改善品质。与单独喷施硼酸相比,适宜浓度氨基酸与硼配合喷施均可显著提高油麦菜氮、钾积累量,另外谷氨酸-硼和天冬氨酸-硼喷施对油麦菜磷积累量也有明显促进作用。与单独喷施硼酸相比,氨基酸与硼配合喷施均可显著提高油麦菜地上部硼含量,其中丙氨酸-硼喷施处理油麦菜地上部硼含量平均增幅为41.0%;此外,丙氨酸-硼喷施对油麦菜地下部硼含量也有明显提升作用,平均增幅为15.6%;喷施丙氨酸浓度与油麦菜地上部和地下部硼含量均呈显著正相关关系。综合比较不同氨基酸与硼酸配合喷施对油麦菜的影响,可考虑将丙氨酸作为增效剂与硼肥配合施用,提高硼肥的应用效应。本研究为开发新型硼肥提供了理论依据。

Effects of Combined Foliar Application of Amino Acids With Boric Acid on Boron Nutrition,Growth and Quality of Lactuca sativa L

In order to explore the effects of combined foliar application of amino acids with boric acid on Lactuca sativa L, a pot experiment was conducted using Lactuca sativa L as material. Glutamic acid, alanine and aspartic acid were chosen and foliar sprayed in 3 concentrations(5, 10, 20 mmol·L^-1) mixed with 1% boric acid, 11 treatments in total, including spraying 1% boric acid alone and water sprayed as controls. We measured the growth indicators, quality indicators and boron content after the harvest. The results show that: Spaying boric acid alone had no significant effect on the biomass of Lactuca sativa L while all the three kinds of low concentration amino acid spraying together with boric acid could significantly increase the yield, among them, mixed spraying of alanine and boric acid increased the biomass of Lactuca sativa L by 9.4% in average. Compared with the control, the combined spaying of amino acids with boric acid could significantly increase the total protein content of Lactuca sativa L leaves, while reducing nitrate accumulation, thereby improving the quality; Compared with spraying boric acid alone, appropriate concentration of amino acids spraying together with boric acid could significantly increase the accumulation of nitrogen and potassium of Lactuca sativa L, besides, spaying glutamic acid and aspartic acid respectively mixed with boric acid could also significantly increased the accumulation of phosphorus in Lactuca sativa L; Compared with spraying boric acid alone, the combined spaying of amino acids with boric acid effectively increased the above ground boron content of Lactuca sativa L, among them, mixed spraying of alanine and boric acid not only increased the aboveground boron content of Lactuca sativa L by 41.0%, but also increased the underground boron content of Lactuca sativa L by 15.6%. Besides, no matter the aboveground part or underground part of Lactuca sativa L, there was a significant positive linear relationship between the concentration of sprayed alanine and the boron content. The application effect of alanine and boron mixed spraying was better than the other two amino acids, so alanine acid can be considered adding to boron fertilizer as a synergist. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing new type buron fertilizer.