籼型杂交稻稻米碾磨品质与外观品质的配合力及遗传力研究

选择米质不同的 7个不育系和 7个恢复系 ,采用NCⅡ交配设计分析碾磨品质与外观品质性状的配合力。结果表明①所有性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到了显著或极显著水平。在糙米粒长、粒宽、长宽比 ;整精米粒长、粒宽、长宽比、垩白度等性状上基因加性效应占主导地位 ;在糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白率、垩白大小等性状上则以基因的非加性效应为主。②通过对母本、父本及其互作对F1贡献率分析 ,父本基因型方差在糙米率、精米率、糙米粒长、整精米粒长、垩白大小等性状上比母本对一般配合力方差所作贡献大。母本在整精米率、糙米粒宽、糙米长宽比、整精米粒宽、整精米长宽比、垩白率、垩白度这些性状上比父本所作贡献相对要大。③亲本一般配合力与特殊配合力在各性状上均是相互独立的 ;一般配合力与亲本自身的表现型值则有一定程度的相关 ,说明在育种中必须注意亲本自身性状的改良。④狭义遗传力以糙米粒长、糙米粒宽、糙米长宽比、整精米粒长、整精米粒宽、整精米长宽比较高 ,这些性状可作为早代选择的间接指标。

STUDIES ON COMBINING ABILITY AND HERITABILITY OF MILLING AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES IN INDICA HYBRID RICE

14different qualities parents of indica hybrid rice, including 7 CMS lines and 7 restorers,were chosen to analyze the combining ability of milling property and physical property by way of p×q incomplete diallele cross (NCⅡ) design. The results showed that:①Both general combining ability(gca) and specific combining ability(sca) were highly significant in all 12 characters; the genetic additive effects was principal in brown rice length (BRL), brown rice width(BRW), ratio of length to width of brown rice(RLWBR), milled rice length (MRL), milled rice width(MRW), ratio of length to width of milled rice (RLWMR) and chalkyness(CN) ;while the nonadditive effects were greater in brown rice rate(BRR),milled rice rate (MRR), head rice rate(HRR), chalky rice percentage(CRP) and area of chalky rice (ACR).②Through the analysis of the contribution ratio of the male, female and their interaction to the total variance of the quality characters in F-1 hybrids, the results showed that BRR, MRR, BRL,MRL and ACR were influenced more greatly by restorer line than by CMS line, but the others were influenced more greatly by CMS line than by restorer line.③The gca and sca effects were independent each other, which suggests that it is essential to make widely testcrosses in the selection of hybrid combinations.There existed a positive correlation between gca and phenotypic value of parents, which indicates that great attention must be paid to the improvement of parent own characters in hybrid rice breeding. ④BRL,BRW,RLWBR,MRL,MRW and RLWMR had higher narrow heritabilities(h2 N),and these characters may be used as indirect traits in early breeding generation.