启动磷肥不同施用方式对玉米养分吸收及生长和产量的影响

为了探索启动磷肥不同施用方式对玉米生长和产量的影响,设置启动磷肥大田滴施(T1)、穴施(T2)和不施启动磷肥(CK)3个施肥处理,其中启动肥磷肥用量为P₂O₅ 30 kg·hm^-2,探究启动磷肥不同施用方式对玉米生长、养分分配和产量构成的影响;设置启动磷肥根箱土壤滴施(P1)、穴施(P2)和不施启动肥(CF)3个处理,其中启动肥磷肥用量为P₂O₅ 0.2 g·kg^-1土,探究启动磷肥施用后土壤中磷素的空间分布与迁移效果。结果表明,玉米四叶期和六叶期,T1和T2处理均显著增加了苗期玉米总根长,根表面积,地上、地下部生物量和N、P、K养分积累量。在六叶期,T1和T2处理玉米总根长较CK分别增加了21.10%和30.35%,根系表面积分别增加了23.48%和29.20%,地上和地下部生物量分别增加了31.24%和52.38%、33.61%和57.81%。与CK相比,T1和T2处理促进了玉米N、P、K养分的积累,同时促进了养分由营养器官向生殖器官的转移。在玉米吐丝期至成熟期,T1和T2处理玉米N、P、K养分转移量较CK分别增加了29.75和44.73 kg·hm^-2、10.76和14.65 kg·hm^-2、2.20和24.67 kg·hm^-2。玉米穗长、行粒数、产量和磷肥偏生产力均表现为T2>T1>CK,玉米穗秃尖长度表现为T2

Effect of Different Fertilization Pattern of Starter Phosphate Fertilizer on Nutrient Absorption,Growth and Yield of Maize

In order to explore effects of different application methods of starter phosphate fertilizer on maize growth and yield, a field experiment was set up with three treatments (starter phosphate fertilizer applied by drip application (T1), hole application (T2), and no starter phosphate fertilizer (CK)) to investigate the effects of different application methods of starter phosphate fertilizer on maize growth, nutrient uptake and yield composition. The dose of the starter phosphate fertilizer was P₂O₅ 30 kg·hm^-2. A rhizo-box experiment was conducted with treatments: drip application (P1), hole application (P2) and no starter fertilizer (CF), to study the spatial distribution of the starter phosphate fertilizer in the soil, and the starter phosphate fertilizer rate was P₂O₅ 0.2 g·kg^-1 soil. The results indicated that T1 and T2 treatments significantly increased the total root length, the root surface area, the shoot and root biomass and the N, P and K nutrient uptake of maize at four-leaf stage and six-leaf stage. At the six-leaf stage, compared to CK, the root length in T1 and T2 increased by 21.10% and 30.35%, the root surface area increased by 23.48% and 29.20%, and the shoot and root biomass increased by 31.24% and 52.38%, 33.61% and 57.81%, respectively. Compared to CK, T1 and T2 promoted nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake, and promoted the transfer of nutrients from vegetative organs to reproductive organs. From the silking stage to the mature stage, compared to CK, the amount of nutrient transfer of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in T1 and T2 increased by 29.75 kg·hm^-2 and 44.73 kg·hm^-2, 10.76 kg·hm^-2 and 14.65 kg·hm^-2, 2.20 kg·hm^-2 and 24.67 kg·hm^-2, respectively. The ear length, the grain ear row number, and the yield and partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer of maize followed the order of T2>T1>CK, while the bald tip length of maize had a T2