高产、抗病同源四倍体不结球白菜黄心乌新材料的创制

不结球白菜黄心乌是长江中下游流域特别是安徽地区的主栽品种之一。为获得品质优良的黄心乌新材料,本研究使用0.2%(w/v)的秋水仙素溶液点滴处理二倍体黄心乌幼苗的子叶生长点,通过形态学和细胞学的方法筛选到同源四倍体黄心乌植株,并对二、四倍体黄心乌的农艺性状以及品质进行分析。形态学研究结果表明,四倍体植株的株型、叶片、花、种荚表现出巨大型;四倍体叶片的气孔变大,气孔密度变小;花粉粒体积比二倍体变大且呈现出棒状。细胞学分析结果发现,四倍体植株的根尖染色体数目是二倍体的2倍。流式细胞仪分析结果表明,四倍体植株的荧光强度为二倍体的2倍。营养品质方面,与二倍体相比,四倍体纤维素、有机酸含量显著上升,叶绿素、硝态氮含量显著下降,可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量无显著变化。此外,结合光响应曲线分析结果发现,强光条件下,四倍体对光强的适应能力更强。在抗病性检测中发现,四倍体的灰霉菌抗性明显优于二倍体。本研究获得了高产、抗病的同源四倍体不结球白菜黄心乌新材料,为不结球白菜育种工作提供了新的种质资源。

Creation of a New Material of High Yield and Disease Resistant Autotetraploid Non-heading Chinese Cabbage Huangxinwu

Huangxinwu is one of the main varieties cultivated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, especially in Anhui province. To obtain high-quality new materials, this study used 0.2% (W/V) colchicine solution was used to treat the cotyledon growth points of diploid Huangxinwu seedlings, autotetraploid Huangxinwu plants was screened by morphological and cytological methods, and the agronomic characters and quality was analyzed. Morphological studys showed that tetraploid plants were giant in plant type, leaf, flower, and seed pod. The stomata in tetraploid leaves became were larger and the stomata density was decreased. Leawes of tetraploid had larger stomata and lower stomatal density. Cytological analysis showed that tetraploid plants had twice as many chromosomes as diploid plants. In terms of nutritional quality, the contents of cellulose and organic acid in tetraploid were significantly increased, the contents of chlorophyll and nitrate nitrogen were significantly decreased, while the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein were not significantly changed. In addition, combined with the light response curve analysis results, the tetraploid is more adaptable to light intensity under strong light. The resistance of tetraploid to Botrytis cinerea was better than that of diploid. In this study, a new autotetraploid Chinese cabbage Huangxinwu with high yield and disease resistance was obtained, which provided a new germplasm resource for Chinese cabbage breeding.