空间诱变和γ射线辐照与离体培养相结合对水稻生物学效应的研究

利用返回式人造卫星搭载早籼品种中优早 3号干种子 ,研究比较其用不同剂量γ射线辐照对水稻的生物学效应。结果表明 ,空间诱变对M1 代成苗率、苗高和结实率的生理损伤明显比γ射线辐照轻 ,M2 代诱发的叶绿素缺失、株高及抽穗期突变的频率不及 30 0Gyγ射线处理。对空间诱变种子进行离体培养 ,叶绿素缺失和株高突变的频率有较大提高。空间诱变种子的愈伤组织经辐照处理后 ,绿点分化率和绿苗分化率下降 ,M2 的叶绿素缺失、株高及抽穗期突变频率超过空间诱变与离体诱变单独处理之和 ,也不同程度高于 30 0Gyγ射线辐照

BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SPACE FLIGHT,γ\|RAY IRRADIATION AND THEIR COMBINATIONS WITH IN VITRO CULTURE ON RICE

Biological effects of space flight on rice were studied by placing the dry seeds of indica variety Zhongyouzao 3 in a returnable satellite and compared with those treated by different doses of γ\|ray irradiation.The results showed that space flight produced evidently lighter physiological damages to seedling growth and spikelet fertility than γ\|ray irradiation in M\-1 generation,and induced lower mutation frequency of chlorophyll deficiency,plant height and heading date than 300Gy of γ\|ray treatment in M\-2 generation.Mature embryo culture of the seeds exposed to space environments resulted in considerable increase in mutation frequency of chlorophyll deficiency and plant height.After irradiatioin of calli from the space\|mutagenized seeds,percentage of calli with green spots and green plantlets decreased,and mutation frequency of chlorophyll deficiency,plant height and heading date not only exceeded the sum of that induced by single treatment of space flight and in vitro mutagenesis,but also was higher than that of 300Gy of γ\|ray irradiation.