改土物料混用对酸性土壤pH和烤烟生长及物质积累的影响

为明确不同酸碱度生物有机肥配施石灰、绿肥改良酸性植烟土壤的效果,本研究采用盆栽试验,研究了石灰(T1)、石灰+绿肥(T2)、酸性生物有机肥+石灰+绿肥(T3)、碱性生物有机肥+石灰+绿肥(T4)等组成的4种不同改土物料组合对酸性植烟土壤pH值、烤烟生长和干物质与氮磷钾积累分配的影响。结果表明,酸性植烟土壤施用不同改土物料组合,可使土壤pH值提高0.79~1.12,改善烤烟农艺性状,促进烤烟根系生长,使烟叶SPAD值增加0.42~2.76,烟株干物质积累提高18.05%~61.42%;除T3外,烟株氮积累总量提高1.42%~14.07%;磷积累总量提高29.76%~98.08%;钾积累总量提高22.48%~105.47%;同时促进了干物质与钾向烟叶中分配。与其他处理相比,石灰和绿肥配施碱性生物有机肥(T4)更有利于提高酸性土壤pH值,有利于烤烟干物质和氮、磷、钾养分的积累;但石灰和绿肥配施酸性有机肥(T3)更有利于增加烤烟根系数量,有利于增加氮、磷、钾养分在烟叶中的分配比例。本研究表明石灰、绿肥和生物有机肥配合施用可提高酸性土壤改良效果,以石灰+绿肥+碱性生物有机肥最好,其次是石灰+绿肥+酸性生物有机肥。本研究结果为湖南省湘西酸性植烟土壤改良提供了理论依据。

Effects of Soil Amelioration Material Mix on pH of Acid Soils,Growth and Material Accumulation of Flue-Cured Tobacco

In order to clarify the effect of combined application of lime, green manure and biological organic fertilizers with different pH on acidic tobacco-planting soil, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of lime (T1), lime + green manure (T2), acidic bio-organic fertilizer + lime + green manure (T3) and alkaline bio-organic fertilizer + lime + green manure (T4) on pH of acid soil, growth of flue-cured tobacco, accumulation and distribution of dry matter,nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The results showed that applying different soil modification materials combinations on acidic tobacco-growing soil can increase soil pH by 0.79 to 1.12, improve the agronomic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco roots, increase the SPAD value of tobacco leaves by 0.42 to 2.76 and increase the dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants by 18.05% to 61.42%. Except for T3, the total nitrogen accumulation of tobacco plants increased by 1.42% to 14.07%, the total phosphorus accumulation increased by 29.76% to 98.08%, the total potassium accumulation increased by 22.48% to 105.47%, and these combinations could promote the distribution of dry matter and potassium to tobacco leaves. Compared with other treatments, the combined application of lime and green manure with alkaline bio-organic fertilizer(T4) was more conducive to increase the pH of acidic soil, the accumulation of dry matter, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of flue-cured tobacco, while the combination of lime and green manure with acidic organic fertilizer(T3) was more conducive to increase the amount of flue-cured tobacco root coefficient and promote the distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to tobacco leaves. This study shows that the combined application of lime, green manure and bio-organic fertilizer can improve acid soil. Among them, the combination of lime, green manure and alkaline bio-organic fertilizer is the best, followed by the combination of lime, green manure and acidic bio-organic fertilizer. The study provides theoretical basis for improving acidic tobacco-planting soils in the west of Hunan Province.