园艺地布和秸秆覆盖对枣园土壤温湿度与枣树生长的影响

为比较不同覆盖材料对枣园土壤温湿度及灵武长枣果实品质的影响,以灵武长枣为试验对象,采用园艺地布、秸秆进行全园覆盖,并以清耕为对照(CK),定期测定土壤温湿度变化,枣吊生长和果实有机酸含量、可溶性糖含量、Vc含量等。结果表明,与CK相比,园艺地布覆盖处理枣园日平均土壤温度提高0.7℃,而秸秆覆盖处理的土壤温度降低了2.0℃;2种材料覆盖处理均明显提高枣园日平均土壤湿度,其中园艺地布覆盖处理较CK提高了3.1%,秸秆覆盖处理较CK提高了2.8%;2种材料覆盖处理均对灵武长枣营养生长和果实品质有显著影响,其中秸秆覆盖处理果实的可溶性糖含量较CK提高了33.7%,可溶性固形物含量提高了20.0%。园艺地布覆盖处理果实Vc含量较CK提高了14.8%,可溶性糖含量提高了24.1%。因此,园艺地布、秸秆覆盖能够促进灵武长枣营养生长,提高果实品质。本研究为西北干旱、半干旱地区枣园生产提供了参考。

Effect of Garden Cloth Covering and Straw Mulching on Soil Temperature,Moisture and Jujube Growth in Jujube Orchard

In order to compare effects of different covering materials on soil temperature, moisture and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao in jujube orchard, taking Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao as the experiment object, the changes in soil temperature and moisture, jujube hanging length, organic acid content, soluble sugar content and Vc content were tested regularly after the whole garden covered with garden cloth or straw, and clear tillage was used as a control (CK). The results showed that compared with CK, the daily average soil temperature of jujube orchard with garden cloth mulching increased by 0.7℃, while the average soil temperature under straw mulching decreased by 2.0℃, all kinds of mulching treatments increased the soil moisture of jujube orchard. Compared with the CK, the mulching treatment of garden cloth covering increased by 3.1% and the straw mulching treatment increased by 2.8%. Both garden cloth covering and straw mulching had significant effects on the vegetative growth and fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao. Jujube fruit soluble sugar content and soluble solid content under the straw mulching increased by 33.7% and 20.0%, respectively. Compared with CK, the Vc content of fruit covered with garden cloth increased by 14.8%, and the soluble sugar content increased by 24.1%. All these results indicated that garden cloth covering and straw mulching can promote the vegetative growth of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao and improve fruit quality. The study is expected to provide reference for jujube orchard production in arid and semi-arid areas in Northwest China.