60Co-γ辐射荷兰鸢尾突变株性状分析

为了探究荷兰鸢尾⁶⁰Co-γ辐射突变株具备的主要可区别性状的评判指标,根据球根鸢尾的测试指南,对其中4个稳定的突变株5-7CBS、7-10SLZ、7-10QLS、10ZLL以及野生型展翅品种进行植物学农艺性状测评,分析比较其主要观赏性状的异同。结果表明,突变株与野生型的植株形态、开花期以及生育期等特征特性基本保持一致;在调查的40个性状中,不同突变株的垂瓣上部上表面底色、旗瓣颜色、花柱上表面颜色、羽冠上表面颜色、垂瓣下部上表面底色等5个假质量性状的表达状态,与野生型相比均具有明显差异;另外的35个性状表达基本一致,相应的表型高度相似,数值较为相近,无明显差异。表明荷兰鸢尾花色在辐射育种中具有较大的遗传改良潜力,推测花色变异可能是辐射突变株与野生型具备可区别性的一个重要性状评判指标,依据花朵颜色的表达状态,花色变异可划分为加强型、野生型、减弱型、全变型4个类型。本研究结果可为开展荷兰鸢尾新品种创制提供基础数据和参考依据。

Traits Analysis of Offsprings Mutated by 60Co-γ Radiation in Iris hollandica

In order to explore distinguishing main characters of mutant obtained by ⁶⁰Co-γ radiation in Iris hollandica Zhanchi, botanical agronomic traits of 4 stable mutants (5-7CBS, 7-10SLZ, 7-10QLS, 10ZLL) and their wild-type Zhanchi were evaluated, the similarities and differences of the main ornamental traits (flowers) were analyzed and compared according to test guidelines of Bulbous Irises. It was found that mutants and wild type were basically consistent in plant morphology, flowering period and growth period. Among the 40 traits investigated, there were significant differences in the characteristics of five pseudo-qualitative characteristics between mutants and wild type, such as groud color of upper side of blade in outer tepal, color of inner tepal, color of upper side in bridge, color of upper side in crest, and groud color of upper side of claw in outer tepal. Another 35 character were highly similar in corresponding phenotype and values. The results showed that flower color of Iris hollandica has great genetic improvement potetiality with radiation breeding. It is speculated that flower color variation may be an important indicator for distinguishing mutants from wild type. According to the expression state of flower color, variation of flower color can be divided into four types: strengthening type, wild type, weakening type and full variant type. This study can provide basic data and reference for breeding new varieties in Iris hollandica.