甜瓜中矿物元素分布特征及其相关调控机制研究

为明确甜瓜不同部位24种矿物元素的分布特征及其相关性,本研究以新疆甜瓜为试材,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定Cu、Ni、Cr、As、Pb、Cd、Fe、Al、Zn、B、Mn、Sr等24种矿物质元素含量,并分析甜瓜中重金属与其他矿物质元素分布特征及其内在相关性。结果表明,甜瓜中矿物元素含量在瓜皮上的富集大于瓜肉中的富集,重金属与微量元素在甜瓜瓜皮与瓜肉的分布表现为两端含量高,越靠近中间含量越低。常量元素在瓜皮的分布表现为两端含量高,越靠近中间含量越低,而在瓜肉中表现为两端含量低,越靠近中间含量越高。多元相关性分析热感图结果表明,Ni与Mo、Cr与Na、As与Na呈中度负相关,其他V、K、P等元素均与重金属元素呈正相关。研究表明,甜瓜不同部位矿物元素富集水平不同,部分元素与重金属的富集具有协同或拮抗作用,后续可通过调控相关元素降低甜瓜重金属富集水平提高甜瓜安全性。

Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Mineral Elements and Their Regulatory Mechanisms in Sweet Melon

This study aimed to clarify the distribution characteristics and correlation of 24 mineral elements in different parts of melon. Xinjiang melon was used as the test material to determine 24 mineral elements including as Cu, Ni, Cr, As, Pb, Cd, Fe, Al, Zn, B, Mn and Sr by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The distribution characteristics and internal correlation of heavy metals and other mineral elements in melon was analyzed. The results show that, the enrichment of mineral elements in melon skin was greater than that in melon meat. The distribution of heavy metals and trace elements in melon skin and melon meat showed high contents at both ends, and the lower, the closer to the middle. It was similar for the distribution of major elements on the melon peel. However, the content of maior elements at both ends was low, and the content closer to the middle was higher in the melon meat. The thermal diagram results of multivariate correlation analysis showed that Ni had a moderate negative correlation with Mo, Cr and Na, As and Na, and other elements such as V, K and P had a positive correlation with heavy metal elements. Therefore the enrichment of mineral elements was different in different parts of melon, and some elements had synergistic or antagonistic effects with the enrichment of heavy metals. In the future, the enrichment level of heavy metals in melon could be reduced by regulating the related elements to improve the safety of melon.