羊粪有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟生长及土壤肥力特性的影响

为探讨羊粪有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)生长和土壤肥力特性的影响,以烤烟品种中烟101为试验材料,设置不施加肥料为对照(CK),研究了等量施肥条件下羊粪有机肥与化肥不同配施比例(T0:100%无机肥N;T20:20%羊粪有机肥N+80%无机肥N;T40:40%羊粪有机肥N+60%无机肥N;T60:60%羊粪有机肥N+40%无机肥N;T80:80%羊粪有机肥N+20%无机肥N;T100:100%羊粪有机肥N)对烟株农艺性状、根系形态参数、叶片光合特性、土壤养分含量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,T0和T20处理在烟株移栽后30 d土壤速效养分含量较高,能更好地促进移栽后0~30 d烟株的生长,但在烟株移栽后60 d土壤速效养分含量明显降低,烟株生长势减弱,且土壤中有机质含量和土壤蔗糖酶活性较低;T80和T100处理土壤有机质含量较高,但在烟株移栽后30 d时土壤蛋白酶和脲酶活性弱,土壤速效养分含量低,不利于移栽后0~30 d烟株的生长;T40和T60处理在烟株移栽后30 d土壤速效养分的供应略低于T0处理,但在移栽后60 d能够显著提高土壤蔗糖酶、蛋白酶和脲酶活性,增加土壤速效养分的供应,既能保障烟株移栽后0~30 d的生长势,也有利于烟株移栽后30~60 d根系发育和地上部分的生长。与T0处理相比,T40和T60处理在烟株移栽后60 d的最大叶面积提高了11.9%和10.7%,地上部干重提高了11.9%和9.6%,根干重提高了12.1%和26.8%,净光合速率提高了17.6%和16.2%。综合来看,配施40%和60%羊粪有机肥N更有利于满足烟叶生长和维持烟区土壤肥力,该研究为洛阳烟区合理利用羊粪有机肥提供了理论依据。

Effects of Combined Application of Sheep Manure-Derived Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer on Tobacco Growth and Soil Fertility

In order to investigate the influences of combined application of sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) growth and soil fertility, we used flue-cured tobacco variety Zhongyan101 as test materials and conducted a pot experiment to study the effects of different application ratios of sheep manure and chemical fertilizer(T0: 100% inorganic fertilizer N; T20: 20% sheep manure N+80% inorganic fertilizer N; T40: 40% sheep manure N+60% inorganic fertilizer N; T60: 60% sheep manure N+40% inorganic fertilizer N; T80: 80% sheep manure N+20% inorganic fertilizer N; T100: 100% sheep manure N) on tobacco agronomic characters, root morphological parameters, photosynthetic characteristics, soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities under equal amount of fertilizer application, and non-fertilizer application was set as a control (CK). The results showed that T0 and T20 treatments had higher soil available nutrients and could promote tobacco growth at 30 days after transplanting, but the contents of soil available nutrient and the growth potential of tobacco decreased significantly at 60 days after transplanting, and the content of soil organic matter and the activity of soil sucrase were also lower than that of other treatments at 60 days after transplanting. T80 and T100 treatments had higher soil organic matter content, but the activities of soil protease and urease, the contents of soil available nutrients and the growth of tobacco were lower than that of other treatments at 30 days after transplanting. T40 and T60 treatments had slightly lower soil available nutrients than that of T0 treatment at 30 days after transplanting, but the activities of soil sucrase, protease and urease, as well as the contents of soil available nutrient significantly increased at 60 days after transplanting, and could ensure tobacco growth at both 30 days and 60 days after transplanting. Compared with T0 treatment, T40 and T60 treatments increased the maximum leaf area by 11.9% and 10.7%, the shoot dry weight by 11.9% and 9.6%, the root dry weight by 12.1% and 26.8%, and the net photosynthetic rate by 17.6% and 16.2%, respectively, at 60 days of after transplanting. In general, the 40% and 60% sheep manure N application was more conductive to the growth of tobacco and the maintenance of soil fertility. This study provided a theoretical basis for the scientific application of sheep manure-derived organic fertilizer in tobacco-growing area of Luoyang.