三种植物生长调节剂对大豆生长发育及产量的影响

为提高单作大豆产量,本研究以大豆品种南豆12为材料,分别探究了不同浓度的3种植物生长调节剂拌种对大豆田间出苗的影响,及叶面喷施对大豆生长发育、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的褐藻胶寡糖、壳寡糖、冠菌素拌种均能提高大豆的田间出苗率,而叶面喷施均能提高大豆的株高与茎粗,褐藻胶寡糖和冠菌素拌种可增加大豆分枝数,壳寡糖拌种则减少了大豆分枝数。3种植物生长调节剂均能在一定程度上提高单株粒数与百粒重,进而提高大豆产量,同时还可提高大豆粗蛋白含量,降低粗脂肪酸含量以及满粒期大豆籽粒中可溶性糖与还原性糖的含量。此外,叶面喷施植物生长调节剂并不会影响收获子代大豆的萌发。褐藻胶寡糖、壳寡糖、冠菌素拌种推荐每公斤大豆使用100 mL植物生长水溶液拌种,浓度分别为25、100、0.05 mg·L^-1;叶面喷施的推荐使用量分别为50、50、0.01 g·hm^-2。 本研究结果为大豆丰产栽培提供了理论依据。

Effects of Three Plant Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Soybean

In order to improve the yield of monoculture soybean, this study used soybean variety Nandou 12 (ND-12) to investigate the effects of three plant growth regulators (alginate-derived oligosaccharide, chitosan oligosaccharide and coronatine) with different concentrations of seed dressing on the seedling emergence, and the effects of foliar spray on the growth, yield and quality of soybean. The results showed that different concentrations of three plant growth regulators increased the field emergence rate of soybean, while foliar spray increased the plant height and stem diameter of soybean, alginate-derived oligosaccharide and coronatine could increase the branch number of soybean, while chitosan oligosaccharide reduced the branch number of soybean. The three plant growth regulators increased the number of grains and the weight of 100 grains per plant to a certain extent, and then improved the yield of soybean. At the same time, they also increased the content of soybean crude protein, reduced the content of soybean crude fatty acid, soluble sugar and reducing sugar in soybean grains at full grain stage. In addition, foliar spraying with plant regulators did not affect the germination of harvested progenies. The recommended dosage of alginate-derived oligosaccharide, chitosan oligosaccharide and coronatine for seed dressing is 25, 100 and 0.05 mg · L^-1 per kilogram of soybean seeds respectively, and 50, 50 and 0.01 g per hectare for leaf spraying, respectively. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of soybean.