氮磷钾配施对玛咖产量和品质的影响及肥料效应

为探究玛咖优质高效种植的合理施肥量和施肥配方,本研究采用“3414”随机区组设计开展田间小区试验,测定玛咖植株农艺性状、产量和品质性状等指标,通过拟合肥料效应函数方程并结合品质性状确定氮、磷、钾施肥量。结果表明,氮磷钾的合理配施能不同程度促进玛咖地上部和地下部的生长,提高其产量和品质,其中N₂P₂K₂(N:P₂O₅:K₂O=8:6:8)的玛咖地下部农艺性状、产量、玛咖烯、芥子油苷和灰分含量最高;氮、磷、钾3种元素对玛咖产量存在明显的互作效应,表现为N₂P₂K₂施肥水平有利于氮、磷、钾肥效的发挥;通过田间小区试验得出玛咖最高理论产量为9 346.95 kg·hm^-2。综合肥料三因素、产量和品质分析得出,N₂P₂K₂的玛咖产量最高、品质最好。最高产量的氮磷钾施肥用量为N:P₂O₅:K₂O=120.71:92.16:144.22 kg·hm^-2,产量达到8 577.35 kg·hm^-2;经济最佳产量的氮磷钾施肥用量为N:P₂O₅:K₂O=120.58:91.76:143.35 kg·hm^-2,产量达到8 577.29 kg·hm^-2。本研究结果为指导和规范玛咖的施肥技术提供了理论依据。

Effects of Combined Application of N,P and K Fertilizers on the Yield and Quality of Lepidium meyenii and Its Fertilizer Interaction

In order to explore the reasonable fertilization amount and fertilization formula for high-quality and high-efficiency Lepidium meyenii planting, this study used the “3414” random block design to carry out field trials to determine the agronomic traits, yield and quality traits of L. meyenii plants, and fit the fertilizer effect function. Equation combined with quality traits to determine the amount of N, P and K fertilizer. The result showed that the combined application of N, P and K could promote the growth of shoots and roots of L. meyenii, and improve its yield and quality to different degrees. Among them, root agronomic traits, yield, macaenes, glucosinolates and ash of L. meyenii were the highest under the treatment of N₂P₂K₂ (N:P₂O₅:K₂O 8:6:8); N, P and K had significant interaction effect on L. meyenii yield, which showed that N₂P₂K₂ level was conducive to the fertilizer interaction; The highest theoretical yield of L. meyenii was 9 346.95 kg·hm^-2 through field plot test. Comprehensive analysis of the three factors of fertilizer, yield and quality showed that the yield and quality of L. meyenii were the best under N₂P₂K₂treatment, indicating that N:P₂O₅:K₂O fertilizer ratio of highest yield was 120.71:92.16:144.22 kg·hm^-2, and the highest yield reached 8 577.35 kg·hm^-2; N:P₂O₅:K₂O fertilizer ratio of optimum economic yield was 120.58:91.76:143.35 kg·hm^-2, and the highest yield reached 8 577.29 kg·hm^-2. The results provided a theoretical basis for guiding and standardizing the fertilization technology of L. meyenii.