生物炭与脲酶抑制剂及保水剂配施对贵州辣椒的影响

为探究生物炭与不同土壤添加剂配施在贵州黄壤辣椒上的施用效果,采用大田试验,选用酒糟生物炭、脲酶抑制剂和保水剂作为供试材料,研究增施生物炭(FB)、生物炭与脲酶抑制剂(FBU)或保水剂(FBW)两两配施、生物炭与脲酶抑制剂和保水剂(FBUW)三者同时施用对辣椒产量、品质、养分吸收累积、肥料利用率和经济效益的影响。结果表明,与常规施肥(F)相比,增施土壤添加剂可显著增加辣椒鲜产,增加幅度17.91%~28.74%,产值增加20 351~29 700元·hm^-2,增幅为167.14%~243.93%,其中以三者同时施用(FBUW)效果最佳,达到20 938 kg·hm^-2;生物炭与脲酶抑制剂或(和)保水剂配施可降低辣椒果实中硝酸盐含量6.32%~34.00%,以FBUW降幅最大,且三者同时施用还可显著提高果实中的游离氨基酸含量;与F相比,增施土壤添加剂使氮、磷、钾肥的表观利用率分别提高了4.13~10.80个百分点、-0.98~8.72个百分点和6.36~27.56个百分点,而氮、磷、钾肥的农学效率则分别提高了8.09~12.98、16.18~25.97和8.99~14.42 kg·kg^-1,均以FBUW最佳;与F相比,增施土壤添加剂后的辣椒纯收入提高了0.83%~23.21%,以FBUW效果最佳。综上,在常规施肥基础上,生物炭、脲酶抑制剂和保水剂三者同时配施产生的协同效应优于单独施用或两两配施。本研究结果为土壤添加剂在贵州黄壤辣椒高产栽培技术中的应用提供了理论依据。

Effects of Biochar,Urease Inhibitor and Water Retention Agent on Pepper in Guizhou

A field experiment was conducted in Guizhou yellow soil area to evaluate the effects of the combined using of charcoal and different soil additives on pepper yield and quality, nutrient and economic efficiency. Materials including biochar, urease inhibitor and water retaining agent were used with any two or all of the three, which finally generated six different treatments: no fertilizer (NF), fertilizer (F), fertilizer + biochar (FB), fertilizer + biochar + urease inhibitor (FBU), fertilizer + biochar + water retaining agent (FBW), fertilizer + biochar + urease inhibitor + water retaining agent (FBUW). The results showed that, in comparison with F treatment, adding soil additives significantly increased fresh pepper production (17.91%~28.74%) and brought an increase of production value by 20 351~29 700 yuan·hm^-2 (167.14%~243.93%), among which the FBUW were the optimal treatment(20 938 kg·hm^-2). Combined use of charcoal and different soil additives reduced nitrate content of pepper fruit (range from 6.32% to 34.00%), with a largest decrement in FBUW treatment. Fruits free amino content was considerably improved under conditions of applying soil additives. Adding soil additives increased nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer apparent utilization rate (by 4.13~10.80, -0.98~8.72 and 6.36~27.56 percentage points, respectively) and the N, P and K fertilizer agronomic efficiency (by 8.09~12.98, 16.18~25.97 and 8.99~14.42 kg·kg^-1, respectively). Moreover, adding soil additives improved total income by 0.83%~23.21%, of which the FBUW was the best. In conclusion, combined application of biochar, urease inhibitor and water retaining agent is better than any other approaches to improve pepper production and quality, as well as nutrient and economic efficiency, which could be adopted as one of the effective technological approaches in pepper production of Guizhou yellow soil area.