水稻胚乳淀粉合成及其育种应用

淀粉是稻米胚乳的主要组成成分,具有重要的生物学功能和经济价值。籽粒胚乳淀粉合成和贮藏于一种异质化的质体中,即淀粉体。而籽粒形成期,胚乳中富集大量淀粉以充实淀粉体胞内空间并形成晶体状的淀粉颗粒,因此胚乳淀粉组成和结构会极大地影响稻米产量和食味品质的形成。本文综述了胚乳淀粉合成的分子途径,改良稻米产量和食味品质的分子策略,以期为优质稻米育种实践提供一定的理论依据。

Starch Biosynthesis in Rice Endosperm and Its Applications in Breeding

As the major component of rice endosperm, starch possesses important biological functions and economic values. Amyloplast is one sort of specialized plastid for starch synthesis and storage in grain endosperm. During filling periods, grain endosperm accumulates a great amount of starch to fill the intracellular space of amyloplast for further formation of crystal starch granules. Thus, starch biosynthesis and structures in endosperm have great effects on the yields and the formation of eating and cooking qualities (ECQs). Here, we reviewed the molecular pathway of starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm, and proposed some strategies for improvement on yields and ECQs, which would provide theoretical basis for rice breeding.