氮高效吸收水稻磷素吸收利用的特点

为探究氮高效水稻磷素吸收利用的基本特点及其与氮素吸收的关系。在大田条件下,于2012-2013年,以114个染色体单片断代换系水稻为供试材料,研究其产量、氮磷吸收利用等性状,并以成熟期吸氮量和产量将供试材料聚类分成6种不同氮效率类型水稻。结果表明,供试群体成熟期吸磷量差异较大,变幅为2.54~5.46 g·m^-2;氮高效水稻成熟期吸磷量显著高于其他氮效率水稻,增幅达8.99%~47.24%;氮高效水稻结实期总吸磷量显著高于其他类型水稻,各器官吸磷量也有相似的趋势;氮高效水稻单茎吸磷量、干物质量大;吸磷量影响因子对成熟期吸磷量的贡献表明,结实期吸磷量、穗吸磷量、全株含磷率、单穗吸磷量、吸磷强度均高于同组因子,通径分析与相关分析结果一致;氮高效水稻磷素利用效率除吸磷增量籽粒生产效率显著高于其他类型外,其他各指标均处于中等或较低水平;成熟期吸磷量和吸氮量均对产量有正向促进作用,吸氮量贡献更大。综上,氮高效水稻无论是全株还是各器官成熟期磷素吸收量均较大,结实期表现的更明显,但磷素利用效率中等;氮高效水稻磷素吸收能力强与其单茎吸收量、吸氮强度大有密切关系;氮高效水稻磷素吸收与氮素吸收密切相关。本研究结果为水稻磷素高效吸收利用提供了理论参考。

Study of Absorption and Utilization of Phosphorus in N-efficiency Rice

In order to study the phosphorus (P) absorption and utilization and the relationships between nitrogen(N) absorption and N-efficient in rice, a total of 114 cultivars of chromosome single segment substitution lines (CSSSLs) were planted in 2012 and 2013 under the natural field, to analyze the yield, dry matter production, N absorption and utilization, P absorption and utilization. In addition, these CSSSLs were divided into 6 types by MinSSw (Minimum Square Sum Within Groups) method on the basis of the nitrogen accumulation and yield at the mature stage. These results showed that the N absorption amount during the mature stage was significant difference among six types of rice within the range from 2.54 to 5.46 g·m^-2. The P absorption amount of N-efficient type has increased 8.99% to 47.24% compared with other types at the mature stage. The total amount of P absorbed in grain-filling stage of N-efficient type was significantly higher than other types, and similar results were found in different organs. P absorption per tiller and dry matter production of N-efficient type were higher than other types; The correlation analysis of P absorption factors contribution suggested that the phosphorus absorption, spike P absorption, whole plant P content, P absorption per spike and P absorption intensity were higher than those of the same group factor. These results were further confirmed by path analysis. P utilization efficiency of N-efficient type kept at medium or lower levels, except for the yield increase of P absorption increment more than other types. The N absorption amount and P absorption amount at maturity has promoted enhanced yield, and N absorption amount contributed more. In conclusion, whether whole plant or single organ, the P absorption of N-efficient rice are higher than other types, and these were more obvious in grain-filling stage, but the P utilization efficiency has medium level. In addition, the strong ability of N absorption of N-efficient rice is closely related to high P absorption per tiller and high P absorption intensity. A close relationship was found between P absorption and N absorption. This study provides a reference for the efficient absorption and utilization of phosphorus in rice.