夜间增温对小麦干物质积累、转运、分配及产量的影响

为明确夜间增温对小麦产量形成的影响,于2019—2020和2020—2021年两个小麦生长季,以苏麦188和安农0711为试验材料,采用被动式夜间增温方法,以不增温为对照,对小麦生育前期3个阶段(分蘖期至拔节期、拔节期至孕穗期、孕穗期至开花期)进行夜间增温处理,研究不同阶段夜间增温处理对小麦干物质积累、分配、转运以及产量的影响。结果表明,分蘖期至拔节期与拔节期至孕穗期夜间增温处理均能提高小麦孕穗期和开花期的旗叶叶面积,且分蘖期至拔节期夜间增温处理与对照差异显著,孕穗期至开花期夜间增温处理的旗叶叶面积较对照有所降低;在小麦拔节期和孕穗期时,分蘖期至拔节期与拔节期至孕穗期夜间增温处理较对照均提高了小麦的株高,开花期各增温处理的株高与对照无显著差异;分蘖期至拔节期与拔节期至孕穗期夜间增温处理均提高了小麦干物质的积累量和产量,在分蘖期至拔节期夜间增温处理下,苏麦188和安农0711的两年平均产量较对照分别提高了5.63%和6.77%。综上,分蘖期至拔节期夜间增温处理提高了小麦的叶面积和株高,使其获得更多的光能用于光合作用,最终增加了小麦的干物质积累量和产量。本研究结果为制定未来气候变化背景下的农业适应战略提供了理论依据。

Effect of Night Warming at Different Stages on Dry Matter Accumulation,Transportation, Distribution and Yield of Wheat

In order to determine the effect of night warming on wheat yield formation, wheat cultivars Sumai 188 and Annong 0711 were used as experimental materials in the two wheat growing seasons, 2019—2020 and 2020—2021, and passive night warming method was adopted. Three stages of wheat early growth stage (tillering stage to jointing stage, jointing stage to booting stage, booting stage to flowering stage) were subjected to nighttime warming treatment, with no warming as control. The effects of different night warming treatments on dry matter accumulation, transport, distribution and yield of wheat were studied. The results showed that night warming treatments from the tillering stage to jointing stage and the jointing stage to booting stage increased the flag leaf area at booting stage and anthesis stage of wheat, and night warming from tillering stage to jointing stage and control showed significant differences. Night warming from the booting stage to anthesis stage was associated with a smaller flag leaf area than that of the control. At the jointing stage and booting stage, night warming from the tillering stage to jointing stage and the jointing stage to booting stage increased the plant height of wheat relative to the control, but there was no significant difference between each night warming treatment and the control at the anthesis stage. Night warming from the tillering stage to jointing stage and the jointing stage to booting stage increased dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat. Compared with the control, the yields of Sumai 188 and Annong 0711 increased by an average of 5.63% and 6.77% in two years under the night warming treatment from the tillering to jointing stage. In the present study, night warming from the tillering stage to jointing stage significantly increased the leaf area and plant height. So that it could obtain more light energy for photosynthesis and ultimately increased the dry matter accumulation and yield of wheat. This study provides a scientific basis for formulating agricultural strategies to adapt to future climate change.