施氮量对2个粒色小麦产量及加工品质的影响

为探究施氮量对2个不同粒色小麦品种产量和加工品质的影响,采用裂区试验设计,以白粒小麦中麦8号和黑粒小麦漯珍1号为试验材料,测定2个品种的SPAD值、产量及产量构成因素和部分加工品质指标。结果表明,在同一施氮水平下,2个品种旗叶的SPAD值随时间推移呈先升高后降低的趋势,均在花后20 d和施氮量300 kg·hm~(-2)处理下有最大值,分别为57.52和63.55,增施氮肥可以有效缓解小麦旗叶叶绿素的降解,延长旗叶功能期。在120~300 kg·hm~(-2)的施氮量范围内,除中麦8号的穗粒数在施氮量300 kg·hm~(-2)处理下有最大值外,籽粒产量及产量构成因素随施氮量增加呈先增加后降低的趋势。随施氮量的增加,容重、硬度、出粉率和吸水率逐渐增加;蛋白质含量、沉降值、湿面筋含量、形成时间、稳定时间及粉质评价值呈先升高后降低趋势,最高值出现在施氮量240 kg·hm~(-2)的处理;漯珍1号的籽粒蛋白质含量、沉降值、湿面筋、吸水率、形成时间和粉质评价值均高于中麦8号,而容重、硬度、出粉率和稳定时间反之。2个品种在施氮量240 kg·hm~(-2)处理下既提高了产量又改善了部分加工品质。本研究结果为不同粒色小麦优质高产栽培提供了理论依据。

Effects of Nitrogen Application Amount on Grain Yield and Processing Quality With Two Different Grain Colors in Wheat

To study the effects of nitrogen application on grain yield and processing quality with two different colors in wheat,a white grain color wheat,Zhongmai 8 and a black grain color wheat,Luozhen 1 as the experimental materials,the split plot was designed and some index for the two kinds of wheat were determined,which includes SPAD reading,yield and yield components,processing quality.The results showed that,at the same application levels of nitrogen,the SPAD value of the flag leaf of the two varieties increased at first and then decreased with the time.With the treatment of nitrogen application amount of 300 kg · hm-2,the maximum value appeared at 20 days after anthesis,which was 57.52 and 63.55,respectively.The application of nitrogen fertilizer could effectively alleviate the degradation of wheat flag leaf chlorophyll and prolong the functional period of flag leaf.In the range of nitrogen application of 120-300kg · hm-2,only the number of grains per spike of Zhongmai 8 had the maximum value under the treatment of nitrogen application of 300kg · hm-2.The grain yield and yield components increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.The yields of Luozhen 1 and Zhongmai 8 reached the highest under the treatment of nitrogen application of 240 kg · hm-2,which was 6891.09kg · hm-2 and 7670.63kg · hm-2,respectively.With the increase of the nitrogen application,the bulk density,hardness,flour yield and water absorption rate increased gradually.Protein content,sedimentation value,wet gluten content,formation time,stability time and the evaluation value of the powder were increased first and then decreasedand the highest value appeared under the treatment of nitrogen application of 240 kg ·hm-2.Grain protein content,sedimentation value,wet gluten content,water absorption rate,forming time and evaluation of the powder quality values of Luozhen 1 were higher than those of Zhongmai 8 except for bulk density,hardness,flour yield and stable time.Under the treatment in the nitrogen application rate of 240 kg · hm-2,the yield and the processing quality of two varieties were apparently improved.This paper provided a theoretical basis for high quality and yield cultivation of two different grain color wheat.