小麦优良亲本宁麦9号的研究与利用

宁麦9号是高产稳产、适应性广、中抗赤霉病、高抗梭条花叶病的优质弱筋小麦品种,由该品种衍生的10个品种已成为或即将成为长江中下游麦区的主推品种。为探讨宁麦9号作为亲本在小麦育种上的利用价值,本文分析了该品种的高产生理基础,产量、品质和抗病性状的遗传以及其衍生品种的主要特点。结果表明,宁麦9号光合优势明显,后期叶片不易早衰,水分利用率高、抗旱性强,其高产优势表现为成穗数和穗粒数多。遗传分析表明,该品种穗粒数、收获指数、蛋白质含量、碱水保持力以及抗病性等性状的配合力高,易于传递给后代。以宁麦9号为亲本,通过不同育种方法,育种工作者先后育成了宁麦13、宁麦14、宁麦16、生选4号、生选6号、扬麦18、扬辐麦4号、镇麦5号、镇麦8号、南农0686等10个小麦新品种,这些衍生品种都保持了宁麦9号高产稳产、中抗赤霉病、抗梭条花叶病等优良特性。因此,认为:宁麦9号是一个一般配合力较高的优良亲本,对选育高产、优质、抗病小麦新品种有重要利用价值。

RESEARCH OF WHEAT ELITE PARENT NINGMAI 9 AND ITS UTILIZATION

Ningmai 9 is a soft wheat cultivar with high and stable yield, broad adaptation, moderate resistance to fusarium head blight (FHB) and high resistance to wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV). The ten new wheat cultivars derived from Ningmai 9 have become or will soon be becoming the leading cultivars in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In order to explore the value of Ningmai 9 as a crossing parent in wheat breeding program, the physiological basis for high yield and genetic characters for yield, quality and disease resistance of Ningmai 9 were analyzed, meanwhile the main features of its ten derivatives were also described. The results showed that Ningmai 9 had high photosynthetic capacity, water use efficiency and drought resistance, and its high-yielding potentiality was mainly determined by more spikes per unit and grains per spike. The cultivar had high general combining ability in many characters such as grains per spike, harvest index, protein content, alkaline water retention capacity and disease resistance which were easily passed to its derivatives. As a direct parent, the ten excellent cultivars Ningmai 13, Ningmai 14, Ningmai 16, Shengxuan 4, Shengxuan 6, Yangmai 18, Yangfumai 4, Zhenmai 5, Zhenmai 8 and Nannong 0686 were developed by various breeding methods, and all these derivatives maintained its excellent traits such as high and stable yield, moderate resistance to FHB, and resistance to WSSMV. Therefore, it was concluded that Ningmai 9 was an elite parent with high general combining ability, and it had important value for developing the new wheat cultivars with high-yielding, better quality and disease resistance.