苹果叶柄体细胞胚胎发生

以苹果栽培品种嘎拉试管苗带柄叶片为材料,接种于附加不同浓度BA和蔗糖及不同氨基酸的MS培养基上,诱导叶柄产生体细胞胚和再生嫩梢。研究显示,附加BA 1.5mg/L的MS培养基是叶柄形成体细胞胚进而发育成嫩梢的适宜培养基。培养基中蔗糖浓度调控叶柄的分化类型,浓度在5～10g/L时,叶柄由体细胞胚途径分化嫩梢,浓度为20g/L时,叶柄同时由体细胞胚和器官发生途径形成嫩梢,浓度30g/L以上时,叶柄由器官发生途径分化嫩梢。4种氨基酸中,L-脯氨酸和谷氨酰胺促进叶柄体细胞胚形成,以L-脯氨酸促进效果最好。

SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS FROM PETIOLE IN APPLE

Somatic embryogeresis and in vitro shoot were induced from petiole of apple cultivar 'Gala'. Influence of phytohormore, sugar and amino acid on somatic embryogenesis from petiole were investigated. Among the concentrations of phytohormone tested, MS + BA(1.5mg/L) was the most effective with the highest rate of differentiation. Concentration of sucrose in medium controled the type of petiole differentiation. Low level of sucrose(5-10g/L) made petiole differentiate somatic embryos, 20g/L of sucrose made petiole dirrerentiate both somatic embryo and adventitious shoot, more than 30g/L of sucrose made petiole differentiate only adventitious shoot. Among 4 kinds of amino acide tested, L-proline and glutamine enhanced the rate of somatic embryo formation from petiole, the L-proline was the most effective one.