Wheat genetic resources enhancement by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) |
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Authors: | Rodomiro Ortiz Hans-Joachim Braun José Crossa Jonathan H Crouch Guy Davenport John Dixon Susanne Dreisigacker Etienne Duveiller Zhonghu He Julio Huerta Arun K Joshi Masahiro Kishii Petr Kosina Yann Manes Monica Mezzalama Alexei Morgounov Jiro Murakami Julie Nicol Guillermo Ortiz Ferrara J Iván Ortiz-Monasterio Thomas S Payne R Javier Peña Matthew P Reynolds Kenneth D Sayre Ram C Sharma Ravi P Singh Jiankang Wang Marilyn Warburton Huixia Wu Masa Iwanaga |
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Institution: | (1) Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT), Km. 45 Carretera México-Veracruz, Col. El Batán, Texcoco, Edo. de Mexico, 56130, Mexico;(2) Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India |
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Abstract: | The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) acts as a catalyst and leader in a global maize and wheat innovation
network that serves the poor in the developing world. Drawing on strong science and effective partnerships, CIMMYT researchers
create, share, and use knowledge and technology to increase food security, improve the productivity and profitability of farming
systems and sustain natural resources. This people-centered mission does not ignore the fact that CIMMYT’s unique niche is
as a genetic resources enhancement center for the developing world, as shown by this review article focusing on wheat. CIMMYT’s
value proposition resides therefore in its use of crop genetic diversity: conserving it, studying it, adding value to it,
and sharing it in enhanced form with clients worldwide. The main undertakings include: long-term safe conservation of world
heritage of both crop resources for future generations, in line with formal agreements under the 2004 International Treaty
on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, understanding the rich genetic diversity of two of the most important
staples worldwide, exploiting the untapped value of crop genetic resources through discovery of specific, strategically-important
traits required for current and future generations of target beneficiaries, and development of strategic germplasm through
innovative genetic enhancement. Finally, the Center needs to ensure that its main products reach end-users and improve their
livelihoods. In this regard, CIMMYT is the main international, public source of wheat seed-embedded technology to reduce vulnerability
and alleviate poverty, helping farmers move from subsistence to income-generating production systems. Beyond a focus on higher
grain yields and value-added germplasm, CIMMYT plays an “integrative” role in crop and natural resource management research,
promoting the efficient use of water and other inputs, lower production costs, better management of biotic stresses, and enhanced
system diversity and resilience. |
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Keywords: | Biofortification Climate change Food safety Genetic broadening Modeling Participatory varietal selection Plant breeding Rusts Scab Triticum |
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