Soils and the conditional allelopathic effects of a tropical invader |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Studies, Centre for Environmental Management of Degraded Ecosystems (CEMDE), University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India;2. Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;1. Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;2. Center for Biomedicine and Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;3. The Academy of Water Science and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;2. Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560, USA;3. Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;4. Advanced Analysis and Testing Center, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;5. Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, 20031, China;6. Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;1. BIONORTE – Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, PO Box 08, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil;2. Curso de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, PO Box 08, 78690-000 Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil;3. Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;4. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78557-267 Sinop, MT, Brazil;5. Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso, PO Box 255, 78320-000 Juína, MT, Brazil;1. Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States;2. Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Lonoke, AR 72086, United States;3. Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, United States |
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| Abstract: | Allelopathy may contribute to the formation of mono-dominant stands of exotic species, but the effects of allelochemicals can be highly conditional. We explored variation in the production of phenolics in leaves, accumulation of phenolics in soils, and the inhibitory effects of soils under an aggressive invader Prosopis juliflora across a range of invaded sites and potential mechanisms by which soils alter the effects of P. juliflora leaf litter. For eight sites in Northwest India we compared the concentration of total phenolics and the seedling growth of Brassica campestris in soils from beneath P. juliflora to that in soils collected away from P. juliflora canopies. We then explored these effects in detail in soils from two sites that differed substantially in texture by germinating seeds of B. campestris in these soils amended with P. juliflora macerated leaf leachate. Finally, we tested the effects of l-tryptophan in soils from these two sites on the seedling growth of B. campestris. Across all sites soil beneath P. juliflora contained higher levels of total phenolics and suppressed the growth of B. campestris than soil that was not under P. juliflora. We observed much variation among P. juliflora-invaded sites in the total phenolic levels of soils and the degree to which they suppressed B. campestris and the concentration of phenolics in soils significantly correlated with the root length of B. campestris when grown in these soils. Soil from two sites amended with P. juliflora macerated leachate suppressed seedling growth of B. campestris, with the effect being higher in sandy soil than sandy loam soil. In soil amended with leachate the strong suppression of B. campestris corresponded with much higher total phenolic and l-tryptophan concentrations. However, in other tests l-tryptophan did not affect B. campestris. Our results indicate that the allelopathic effects of P. juliflora can be highly conditional and that variation in soil texture might contribute to this conditionality. |
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| Keywords: | Allelopathy Exotic species Phenolics Soil |
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