免耕旧膜再利用对玉米产量及灌溉水生产力的影响

在河西走廊中段边缘绿洲安排田间试验,明确保护性耕作地膜再利用栽培对玉米产量及灌溉水生产力的影响,探讨降低农田残膜污染、节本增效和可持续土地利用的耕作栽培管理方式。试验涉及3种不同质地与肥力水平的土壤,设3个处理:(1)传统耕作与冬灌、覆新膜栽培(NM);(2)免耕少冬灌、旧膜直播(RM);(3)免耕少冬灌、旧膜直播行间秸秆覆盖(RMS)。结果表明,在玉米播种后至拔节期前,日平均土壤温度2个免耕旧膜直播处理较传统覆新膜处理仅低0.6~1.0℃(5 cm土层)和0.5~0.8℃(15 cm土层),表明旧膜直播仍具地膜覆盖提高地温的效应。玉米产量免耕旧膜直播较覆新膜降低4.4%~10.6%,但节省了耕作和地膜投入,收益增加。免耕旧膜直播结合秸秆覆盖栽培方式玉米产量与新覆膜栽培持平,净收入提高12.5%~17.1%。免耕旧膜直播栽培减少了冬灌量,灌溉水生产力提高。土壤质地与肥力水平对作物吸氮量、灌溉水生产力影响显著。在水资源紧缺的干旱区绿洲,适时进行保护性耕作地膜再利用栽培技术是节本增效、土地可持续利用的一种选择。

Effects of No-tillage Combined with Reused Plastic Film Mulching on Maize Yield and Irrigation Water Pro-ductivity

A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of reused plastic film mulching and no-tillage on maize yield and irriga-tion water productivity(IWP)in the marginal oasis in the middle of Hexi Corridor region of northwestern China. The aim is to provide an alternative tillage and cultivation pattern for reducing plastic film pollution, saving cost and increasing income, and improving resource use efficiency. The field experiment was carried out in three soils with different textures and fertility levels. Three treatments for each soil were set up:(1)conventional tillage,winter irrigation, and new plastic mulching cultivation(NM);(2)no tillage, less winter irrigation and reused plastic mulching cultivation(RM);(3)no tillage, less winter irrigation and reused plastic mulching combined with straw mulching(RMS). The results showed that the average daily soil temperature in the two reused plastic mulching treatment(RM and RMS)during maize sowing and elongation stage was lower 0.6~1.0 ℃(5 cm depth)and 0.5~0.8℃(15 cm depth)than that in the NM. This result suggested that no tillage and reused plastic mulching cultivation still had the effect of increasing soil temperature. Maize grain yield in the RM was reduced by 4.4%~10.6%compared with the conventional cultivation(NM), while the net income increased due to saving in plastic film and tillage ex-penses. There was no significant difference in maize grain yield between the RMS and NM treatment, but the net income in the RMS was in-creased by 12.5%~17.1%than that in the NM. Compared with the NM, the two reused plastic film mulching treatments (RM and RMS) decreased the volume of winter irrigation, but maize IWP increased. Soil texture and fertility level affected significantly maize nitrogen uptake and IWP. In the arid oases with the shortage of water resources, cultivation practices of conservation tillage with recycle of plastic film is an ideal option for saving cost and increasing income, and improving irrigation water productivity.