生态平衡施肥追肥预测方法

从全国和各地区追肥比例入手,分析了追肥预测方法的必要性和实践价值。在此基础上,提出生态平衡施肥追肥量确定的"天-地-作物概念模型",重点介绍了在正常年型追肥量基础上如何确定追肥修正系数的方法,包括宏观专家经验方法、微观田间试验方法、根据历年化肥用量波动的确定方法、根据历年单产波动确定的方法、根据氮肥单位用量估算的确定方法;最后归纳出追肥修正系数确定方法的优化过程,并阐述了追肥预报信息化的必要性。结果表明:根据历年化肥用量波动的确定方法和根据历年单产波动确定的方法适合于省级大尺度追肥参数的确定。

The Method of Topdressing Forecasting in Ecological Balanced Fertilization

Started from national and regional topdressing ratio, this paper investigated the necessity and practice value of prediction method of topdressing.‘climate-soil-crop'concept model determined by ecological balance amount of fertilization and topdressing was established. Topdressing correction coefficient method was particularly introduced under the amount of topdressing in normal year, which contained macroscopic expert experience method, microcosmic field trial method, the method based on the fertilizer amount of consumption fluctuation during past years, the method based on the yield fluctuation during past years and the method based on the estimation of nitrogen fertilizer per unit.Optimization process of topdressing correction coefficient was generalized and the necessary informatization in topdressing forecasting was explained. The results showed the methods based on the fertilizer amount of consumption and yield fluctuation during past years were suitable for the determination of topdressing parameters in province scale.