北方典型农村生活垃圾分类模式初探——以曲周县王庄村为例

以华北平原上的曲周县王庄村为研究对象,在对村民进行环境意识调查的基础上详细分析了生活垃圾组成及农业活动旺季垃圾的变化趋势,并对生活垃圾分类进行了典型示范。结果表明,村民对垃圾污染问题较为关注,并希望能回收利用,但主动改善性不强;王庄村生活垃圾成分较为简单,主要可分为有机垃圾、无机垃圾、塑料垃圾及有害垃圾4大类,产生量为有机垃圾〉无机垃圾〉有害垃圾〉塑料垃圾,其中有机垃圾占主要部分,达到56.76%;农户种植生产活动对有机垃圾和有害垃圾的产生有显著影响,无机垃圾产生量则主要与农户的燃料结构变化有关。通过对垃圾分类试验的效果进行分析得出,北方以种植业为主的农村地区适宜采取以村为单位的垃圾分类收集方法,并实施村委会-保洁员-农户三方的监督机制和适当奖惩措施,垃圾处理方式开始宜采取卫生填埋兼以废品回收的无害化模式,并逐渐过渡到分类利用的资源化模式。

A Case Study on Classification Pattern of Househould Solid Wastes in a Typical Northern Rural Village,China

On the basis of fully survey to the villagers,the characteristics of rural household solid waste（HSW）and its changing tendency in harvest time of Wangzhuang village were analyzed as a representative of the northern rural areas in North China Plain.A HSW classification test was also carried out.The main results were as follows：1）The questionnaire survey indicated that villagers were rather concerned about the HSW pollution,but not active.2）The HSW in this area could be divided into four main categories：organic,inorganic,plastic and haz-ardous wastes.Among them,the organic wastes accounted for 56.76%,followed by inorganic wastes,hazardous waste and plastic waste;3） The change of organic and hazardous wastes was greatly affected by agriculture production activities,and the output of inorganic wastes was mainly related to the structure of the fuel mix.Through the HSW classification experiments,an improved management pattern of HSW on the base of source-separated collection of each village was proposed for the north rural areas,which was guaranteed by implementing the appro-priate incentives and the tripartite monitoring mechanism involving villager committee,cleaners and villagers.It is suggested the mode should be progressively changed from the harmless mode including sanitary landfill and recycling to the resource-based mode comprising of com-posting,recycling and landfill.