人粪与不同原料配比对厌氧发酵产气影响

为提高人畜粪便和农作物秸秆资源化有效利用提供科学依据,研究了人粪与各种不同原料混合发酵的产气效率。试验通过自行研究设计的可控性恒温发酵装置,以人粪、牛粪、鸡粪和玉米秆为消化原料,以常温厌氧发酵池的底物为接种物,在总固TS质量分数为8%条件下,进行批量厌氧消化试验,研究人粪分别与牛粪、鸡粪和玉米秆按不同比例（干物质质量比为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1）混合发酵的产气速率、累积产气量的变化。结果表明,在25℃恒温条件下,人粪与3种原料的混合发酵,均能正常产气,均能在厌氧发酵开始后的5～14d达最大产气速率,在30d左右各自的累积产气量均能达到总产气量的87%～92%,其中人粪与牛粪的混合产气效率最好,各组物料的3种配比的平均累积产气量分别为26713、21281和21227mL,各组物料的最优配比的最高产气速率分别为1500、1260和1100mL·d^-1。在25℃下,人粪与牛粪混合发酵的最优配比为3∶1,人粪与鸡粪的为1∶1以及人粪与玉米秆的为3∶1,为人粪与不同原料配比的混合厌氧发酵提供了参考依据。

Effect of Ratios of Human Feces Mixed with Different Materials in Anaerobic Fermentation on Biogas Production

The research studies of the biogas production efficiency of human feces mixed with different materials in anaerobic fermentation. It is provide a scientific basis to improve the efficiency use of human feces and animal manure,crop stalks. A batch of experiments under the condition of 8% mass fraction of total solid were conducted in a self-manufactured anaerobic fermentation reactor, with human feces, cattle manure ,chicken dung and corn straw as fermentation materials ,and the substrate of constant temperature fermentation pool as inoculation substance. Experiment was conducted to investigate the biogas-production rate and the cumulative biogas yield of different ratios （dry matter quantity ratio of 1∶1, 2∶1, 3∶1）of human feces mixed with chicken dung, cattle manure, and corn straw. Under 25 ℃ constant temperature conditions, human feces mixed with three materials can produce biogas normally, the largest biogas production rate starts at about 5～14 d of the anaerobic fermentation; the cumulative biogas yield production can reach the total gas production of about 87%～92% in about 30 days. The best biogas-producting efficiency was observed when human feces mixed with cow manure, the average cumulative biogas production of three kinds mixed groups were 26 713, 21 281 and 21 227 mL, respectively. The max daily biogas production of three best ratios in three kinds mixed groups were 1 500、1 260 and 1 100 mL·d^-1, respectively. Under the temperature of 25 ℃,the ratio of 3∶1was the best ratio in the group of human feces with cattle manure, the ratio of 1∶1was the best ratio in the group of human feces with chicken dung, and the ratio of 3∶1 is the best ratio in the group of human feces with corn straw. That is provided a reference for ratios of human feces mixed with different materials in anaerobic fermentation. Therefore, we should add proper amount of human feces, choose reasonable ratio according to different materials in the actual anaerobic fermentation process. This experiment was only conducted at the temperature of 25 ℃, but the research about human feces mixed with different materials in anaerobic fermentation at the other temperatures required further study.