堆肥作为微生物菌剂载体的研究

以自然风干的堆肥为载体,吸附3株功能芽胞细菌液体菌剂制成不同生物肥料,通过不同时间取样比较堆肥、有机无机肥和生物有机肥以及生物复混肥中功能芽胞细菌和普通微生物数量以及pH等指标变化,探讨堆肥作为载体生产生物肥料的可行性。研究结果表明,经过自然风干的堆肥与蛭石比较,吸附液体微生物菌剂后无论外观、手感还是功能芽胞细菌死亡率,差异均不大。含水量小于15%堆肥吸附液体菌剂比例为6%比较合适,吸附比例高时,生物肥料含水量和pH较高,影响保存效果。生物有机肥和生物复混肥保存6个月时,3株功能芽胞细菌总数分别为0.59×108 CFU.g-1和0.38×108 CFU.g-1,依然可达到农业行业标准要求。生物有机肥中功能芽胞细菌数量最高,生物复混肥集合了三大肥料优点,堆肥中普通微生物数量和多样性最高。完全腐熟的堆肥经过自然风干后可作为微生物菌剂载体。

Compost as a Carrier for Microbial Inoculants

The work mainly studied whether air-dried compost（utilizing livestock or poultry manure and spent mushroom substrate as composting materials）could be used as carrier for liquid microbial inoculants.Three functional Bacillus strains（Bacillus megaterium,Bacil-lus mucilaginosus and Bacillus subtilis）were used to construct microbial-organic fertilize（rMOF）and microbial-compound fertilize（rMCF）.The application effects of the different bio-fertilizers including compos（tC）,organic-inorganic fertilizer（OIF）,MOF and MCF were tested.The results showed that air-dried compost had no significant difference compared with vermiculite in appearance,touch-feeling,bacterial mortality after adsorbing microbial inoculants.When moisture of compost less than 15%,about 6%（v/w）adsorption proportion of liquid mi-crobial inoculants to compost was better.The higher proportion of liquid microbial inoculants to compost caused higher moisture content and pH,which affected preservation effect of bio-fertilizers.The lower proportion of liquid microbial inoculants to compost led to the population of three functional Bacillus strains less than the agricultural standard（0.2×108 CFU.g-1）.According to different combination ways of compost with microbial inoculants and chemical fertilizers,three kinds of bio-fertilizer,MOF（compost and microbial inoculants）,OIF（compost and chemical fertilizers）,MCF（compost,microbial inoculants and chemical fertilizers）were selected.The total population of functional Bacillus strains were 0.59×108 CFU.g-1 and 0.38×108 CFU.g-1 in MOF and MCF respectively,after keeping for 6 months at room temperature.In test-ed bio-fertilizers,the population of bacteria was the highest with the strongest buffering capability to chemical fertilizers.The full mature and air-dried compost could be used as carriers for liquid microbial inoculants,especially for Bacillus strains.