不同处理对高含水率奶牛粪便好氧堆肥的影响

针对奶牛养殖场粪便含水率高,堆肥处理成本高的特点,采用以干燥玉米秸秆为调理剂,在较高初始含水率条件下（70%～80%）,进行了强制通风堆肥槽和翻转式堆肥仓的对比试验,并且探讨了晾晒脱水作为预处理对堆肥效果的影响。结果表明,各处理堆体升温迅速,且均在50℃以上维持8～12d,满足堆肥无害化的卫生标准（GB7959—1987）要求。至堆肥结束时,各处理含水率均降至40%以下,C/N均降至20以下,WSOC均低于16g·kg-1,NH4＋-N含量均低于0.4g·kg-1;除采用堆肥槽在初始含水率为65%下堆肥NH4＋-N/NO3--N〉3尚未腐熟完全外,其他处理NH4＋-N/NO3--N均小于0.5,腐熟情况较好;所有处理的GI均大于50%,其中采用堆肥槽在较高初始含水率堆肥和晾晒预处理后堆肥GI已达80%,基本消除了植物毒性。采用较为开放的堆肥槽时,以玉米秸秆作调理剂,在较高的初始含水率条件下堆肥效果更好;以晾晒脱水作为预处理后堆肥,可减少所需调理剂的用量,节约了堆肥的成本。

Effect of Different Treatments on Composting of High Water Content Dairy Manure

In view of the characteristics of high water content of the dairy manure,it is uneconomical to compost it with the amendment of lower water content.In the present study,dairy manure was composted at a relatively high initial water conten（t70%～80%）,using grinded dry maize straw as amendment,compared the forced aeration static bed composting with the rotating aerobic composting,as well as the effect of air-drying dehydration as pre-treatment on composting.The results showed that the thermophilic temperatures of all treatments were attained soon after the composting start and maintained above 50 ℃ for 8 to 12 d,which was enough to satisfy the requirements of sanitary standard for the non-hazardous（GB 7959—1987）.At the end of composting,the water content declined below 40%;the C/N ratio,WSOC and NH4＋-N content below 20,16 g·kg-1 and 0.4 g·kg-1,respectively.Moreover,the NH4＋-N/NO3--N of all treatments except that the treatment was composted in static bed equipment at lower initial water content were less than 0.5,indicated that these treatments matured very well.The germination test showed that the GI of all treatments were more than 50%,moreover,the treatment by static bed equipment at relatively high initial water content and air-drying dehydration as pre-treatment composting attained to 80%,indicated that composting had eliminated the phytotoxicity of the compost.It is better to compost of dairy manure and grinded dry maize straw at relatively high initial water content in static bed equipment.It is cost effective to compost directly with the dairy manure of air-drying dehydration pre-treatment which could reduce the amount of compost amendment.